A shared belief about the characteristics of those who belong to a particular social or physical category
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Prejudice
an attitude, which is usually negative, towards a particular group of people, based on characteristics that are assumed to be common to all members of the group
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Discrimination
Treating someone favourably or unfavourably because they belong to a particular group
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Authoritarian personality
Some people are prejudiced because of their personality • If a person has a certain type of personality, called an authoritarian personality they are more likely to be prejudiced
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Authoritarian personality 2
• They are more likely to have had a very strict upbringing and their parents were strict • As they could not express their negative feelings to their parents as this was unacceptable they would displace this anger out on to scapegoats.
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Authoritarian personality Characteristics
• They are hostile to those with an inferior status • Obedient towards higher authority • Rigid in their opinions (fixed beliefs and opinions) • Not wiling to accept any new ideas/ situations
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Evaluation of Theory
• Not all prejudiced people have strict parents.Therefore you can not apply this theory to everyone who is prejudiced. • It cannot explain why many people are prejudiced
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Evaluation of Theory 2
It does not explain why we are prejudiced against certain groups and not others. • Some prejudiced people only show a few features of the authoritarian personality.
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Evaluation of Theory 3
• He found a correlation only between parenting and having an authoritarian personality. You can not say cause and effect
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Study: Adorno et al - Aim
to test the idea that a person may be prejudiced towards somebody else because of their personality
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Study: Adorno et al - Method
• They interviewed hundreds of former Nazi soldiers and tested them using the F-scale (Fascist scale) • They measured their responses to a series of questions
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Study: Adorno et al - Results
• The results showed a relationship between personality traits and prejudiced views The Nazi soldiers showed a pattern of personality characteristics
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Study: Adorno et al - Results 2
Those with an authoritarian personality tended to be: • hostile to those with an inferior status • Obedient towards higher authority • Rigid in their opinions (fixed beliefs and opinions) • Not wiling to accept any new ideas/situations
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Study: Adorno et al - Conclusion
• There is an authoritarian personality and that people with these characteristics were highly likely to be prejudiced towards others.
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Social identity theory
Social categorisation: we automatically put people into groups. • The groups we belong to are called ‘in-groups’ and the groups we do not belong to are called ‘out-groups’. We notice differences between our in-group and out-groups
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Social identity theory 2
• Social identity: the groups we belong to give us a sense of belonging • Social comparison:we perceive our group as better and the out-groups as inferior.To boost the self esteem of our group we are prejudiced and discriminate against the out groups
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In Group
is a group of people you believe you have something in common with
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Out Group
is a group of people you think you have nothing in common with
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Evaluation of S.I.T theory
• The theory ignores the idea that some people may be prejudiced because they have an authoritarian personality
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Prejudice
Back
an attitude, which is usually negative, towards a particular group of people, based on characteristics that are assumed to be common to all members of the group
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