An oversimplified, generalised set of ideas about others
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What is an example of a stereotype for Italian people?
Eat lots of pasta
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What is a research into stereotyping?
William and Best
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What is an advantage of stereotyping?
They are helpful when we need to make snap judgements
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What is a disadvantage of stereotyping?
They can stop us from seeing the real person when we meet someone for the first time.
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What does a reduction in stereotypical views enable people to do?
Men can pursue jobs once percieved to only be suitable for females, and women can do the same.
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What is the definition of prejudice?
A rigid set of attitudes or beliefs towards a particular group of people.
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What is the definition of discrimination?
The way an individual acts towards another person as a result of their prejudice views.
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What type of discrimination did Selina Scott recieve?
Age discrimination (denied maternity leave)
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Which psychologists looked into prejudice?
Barrett and Short
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How can we be protected from discrimination?
Laws are in place
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How did researchers test minority groups oppotunities with majority groups oppotunities?
Job applications were sent out with different sounding names but the same qualifications, if one is called for an interview, in theory the other should be too.
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What is an authoritarian personality?
A personality type that is prone to being prejudiced.
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In the research study by Adorno, what was used to test people?
The F-scale
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What characteristic did an authoritarian personality include?
Holding traditional values or beliefs
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What is a criticism of Adorno's research into prejudice?
There are prejudiced people in society that did not have prejudiced and strict parents, or there are people that are not prejudiced but grew up with strict and prejudiced parents.
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How many boys were involved in Sherif's investigation?
22 boys
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What conclusion did Sherif come to from his study?
Competition is a cause of prejudice
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What are some additional facts about the boys used in Sherif's study?
They were 12, white and from stable middle-class homes.
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What were the names of the groups the boys called themselves in Sherif's study?
The 'Rattlers' and the 'Eagles'
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What is the definition of an in-group?
A group of people you feel you have something in common with.
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What are the 3 reasons for prejudice and discrimination bought forward by psychologists?
Your upbringing, competiton and your in-group
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What is the defintion of an out-group?
A group of people who you believe you have nothing in common with
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What was the conclusion made from Tajfel's study?
People will discriminate others just because they are members of an out group
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What is an evaluation from Tajfel's study?
The boys were aged 14-15 so we cannot generalise the whole population
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What is the definition of empathy?
Being able to put yourself in someone else's position psychologically and understanding how that person feels.
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How can prejudice be reduced?
The jigsaw method and cooperation in situations
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What did Sherif's method show?
If two groups work together to achieve a common goal, prejudice can be reduced.
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What is the practical implication of Elliot?
You need children to experiment this at an early age
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What is a practical implication of Aronson?
Suggests prejudice in the work place and school can be reduced
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What does Aronson's jigsaw method show?
That the jigsaw method led to prejudice being reduced, but the positive perceptions were not generalized outside the classroom
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What is a practical implication from Sherif's theory?
It is difficult to put into real life
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What is the practical implication of Harwood?
It illustrates the importance of regular contact between children and grandparents
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What is an evaluation from Harwood's experiment?
It is not always reliable, there are children who don't always see their grandparents but still show empathy towards the elderly
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What is a conclusion from Elliott's experiment?
It was unethical as it caused the children stress.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is an example of a stereotype for Italian people?
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