Starch, glycogen and cellulose

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Where is starch found?
In many parts of a plants in the form of small grains
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What is starch made up of?
Chains of alpha glucose monosaccarides linked by glycosidic bonds, that are formed by condensation reactions.
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How is starch suited for energy storage?
It is insoluble, therefore doesn't tend to draw water into the cells by osmosis; being insoluble also meas it doesn't easily diffuse out of cells; it's compact so alot of it can be stored in a small space; when hydrolysed it forms alpha glucose
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What are the differences between glycogen and starch structure?
Glycogen has shorter chains and is more highly branched
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Where is glycogen mainly stored?
In animals it is mainly stored as small granules in the muscles and the liver
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Does gylcogen hydrolyse more or less readily than starch?
Gylcogen hydrolyses more readily than starch in to alpha glucose. This is because glycogen is made up of smaller chains that starch
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What is cellulose made up of?
Beta glucose. To form cellulose the beta glucose must rotate 180 degrees compared to its neighbour
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Does cellulose have a coiled chain or a straight chain?
Cellulose have straight unbranched chains.These run parallel to each other, allowing hydrogen bonds to form cross-linkages between adjacent chains.
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The cellulose molecules are grouped together to form what?
Microfibrils which, in turn, are arrnged in parallel groups called fibres
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What is the function of cellulose?
To provide rigidity to the plant cell and to prevent the cell from bursting as water enters it by osmosis
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How does the cellulose cell wall prevent the cell from bursting when water enters by osmosis?
It exerts an inward pressure that stops any further influx of water. As a result, living plant cells are turgid and puss against one and another, making herbaceous parts of the plant semi-rigid.
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Card 2

Front

What is starch made up of?

Back

Chains of alpha glucose monosaccarides linked by glycosidic bonds, that are formed by condensation reactions.

Card 3

Front

How is starch suited for energy storage?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the differences between glycogen and starch structure?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Where is glycogen mainly stored?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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