SOCIOLOGY PAPER 2

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What are the 4 factors where age affects life chances?
Pay/status , education , health , ageism
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What theorists relate to age and pay/status?
Marxists agree this exists and argue it helps capitalism by providing cheap labour

Alternatively Bradley argues age is just temporary so yeh inequality is just temporary too
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What theorists relate to age and education?
Phillipson argues elderly are seen as a burden on society so not capable enough to peruse education
Alternatively featherstone and Hepworth argue attitudes towards elderly are changing and media now showing elderly as playing sports etc
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What theorists relate to ageism?
Biggs argues the media stereotype the elderly and portray them negatively
Alternatively functionalists see age inequality as useful as it integrates people into society
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What theorists relate to age and health?
Although it can be argued elderly people are dismissed by doctors and are dismissive of themselves
Social trends 41 shows that life expectancy is increasing so the impact on heath at old age is limited
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What 4 factors relate ethnicity to life chances?
Employment , education , health , racism
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What theorists relate to employment and ethnicity?
Castles and kosack argue capitalism benefits from a divided working class as blame diverged from exploitation
Alternatively pilkington argues that market position is increasing more for black and ethnic minorities than for white people and more have prof
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What theorists relate to ethnicity and education?
Coward argues black students are made to feel inferior in schools
Alternatively madood argues ethnic minorities often have more capital than others in their position but may not be applicable in this country
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What theorists relate to Heath and ethnicity?
Black report shows people more likely to have ill health if in working class and higher levels of Bangladeshi people in working class
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What theorists relate to racism?
The macpherson report found the metropolitan police to be institutionally racist
Alternatively functionalists argue ethnic inequality temporary as it melts away as immigrants adjust to host country
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What factors relate to gender and life chances?
Education , employment , health , patriarchy
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What theorists relate to gender and education?
Mitsose and Browne argue the feminisation of teaching is taking place allowing girls to achieve better
Alternatively Saunders argues our society is mostly meritocratic and any inequality is fair
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What theorists relate gender to employment?
Barron and Norris argue promotion is based on continuous work for long periods which doesn’t suit women
Alternatively functionalists argue society is meritocratic so any missed promotions are due to lack of effort and ability
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What theorists relate gender to health?
Graham argues women are more likely to sacrifices their health for other things eg no food to pay bills
Alternatively the feminisation of the home would suggest woman have better health as longer life expectancy
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What theorists relate to the patriarchy?
Firestone argues inequality is the direct result of biology, society is built for men, women disadvantaged
Alternatively Marxist feminists would argue it’s due to capitalism women are exploited not the patriarchy
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What factors relate to social class and life chances?
Education , employment , health , life expectancy
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What theorists relate social class to education?
Bourdieu argues lower social classes have lower cultural capital putting them at a disadvantage in education
Alternatively Saunders argued society is mostly meritocratic so failures in education are due to lack of effort and ability
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What theorists relate to social class and health?
The black report suggests that the working class have a higher chance of having poor Heath due to cultural factors etc
Whereas Marxists argue capitalism keep its workers healthy for maximum profit
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What theorists relate social class to employment?
Goldthorpe and payne argue people are more likely to be unemployed if in the working class due to unstable nature of their employment eg temp positions
However functionalists would argue society is meritocratic so lack of a job is due to lack of trying
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What theorists relate social class to life expectancy?
Shaw et al argues poor access to healthcare causes lower life expectancy for working class and stereotypical bad habits eg smoking
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What policy change relates to Marxists?
1988 conservatives tried to protect traditional family by attempting to make divorce harder and bringing in protections for children
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What policy change relates to functionalism?
1969 divorce reform act which made divorce easier to obtain
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What policy change relates to feminism?
1979 conservatives tried to encourage woman to stay at home through certain taxes
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What policy changed relates to new right theorists?
1948 labour introduced the welfare state
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What did zaretsky argue?
Family is only place where proletariat in control, distracts them from their real frustrations, being exploited
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What did Murdock say?
Family perform 4 functions sexual, reproductive, economic and education
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What did Delphi and Leonard say
Women do all the work in society and men get all the rewards and benefits
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What did Murray say?
Traditional family under threat and society turning to a culture of dependency because welfare is too high
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What did parsons say?
Family carries out primary socialisation of children and stabilisation of adult personalities, warm bath theory
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What did Morgan say?
Functionalists ignore negatives of the family e.g domestic violence and child abuse
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What did Wilkinson say?
Changes in attitudes has caused a gender quake where gender roles are no longer set in stone
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What did Engels say?
Roles of family is economic, a route for wealth to be passed down and inherited to stay within social class
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What theorists relate to age and pay/status?

Back

Marxists agree this exists and argue it helps capitalism by providing cheap labour

Alternatively Bradley argues age is just temporary so yeh inequality is just temporary too

Card 3

Front

What theorists relate to age and education?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What theorists relate to ageism?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What theorists relate to age and health?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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