Idea that some young people fail in education because of supposed cultural deficiencies in their home and family background e.g inadequate socialisation, failings in pre-school learning, inadequate language skills, inappropriate attitudes and values
1 of 17
Material deprivation
The lack of money and/or material goods needed to succeed educationally e.g. lack of access to books, equipment
2 of 17
Linguistic deprivation
Pupils who have limited language skills which means that they are at a disadvantage in the education system (elaborated and restricted code)
3 of 17
Ideal pupil
Used by interactionists to describe the stereotypical pupil who meet tutor expectations in terms of academic and non-academic factors
4 of 17
Labelling
Defining a person or group in a certain way – as a particular ‘type’ of person or group
5 of 17
Self-fulfilling prophecy
People acting in response to behaviour which has been predicted of them, thereby making the prediction come true. Often applied to the effects of streaming and labelling in schools
6 of 17
Educational triage
The way schools divide pupils into 3 groups – those who are likely to succeed in exams (GCSEs A*-C), those who have a chance of succeeding if they get extra help (GCSEs C/D), and those who have little chance of succeeding whatever is done
7 of 17
Halo effect
When pupils become stereotyped, on the basis of earlier impressions by the teacher, and are rewarded and favoured in future teacher – student encounters
8 of 17
Cultural Capital
The knowledge, language, manners and forms of behaviour, attitudes and values, taste and lifestyle which give middle-class and upper-class students who possess them an in-built advantage in a middle-class-controlled education system
9 of 17
Anti-school subculture
Values, attitudes and behaviour which are developed by disruptive pupils in opposition to the main aims of a school
10 of 17
Deferred gratification
The idea that some groups are able to put off pleasure in the short term and make sacrifices in time and resources in order to benefit their education and prospects in the long term
11 of 17
Immediate gratification
The idea that some groups, usually working class pupils, do not plan their education and careers because they prefer to enjoy themselves (gratify) in the present
12 of 17
Elaborated code
The sort of formal language used by strangers and individuals in formal contexts where explanation and detail are required, and uses a much wider vocabulary than the restricted code. Often associated with the middle class
13 of 17
Restricted code
Informal, simple, everyday language sometimes ungrammatical and with limited explanations and vocabulary, which is used between friends or family members. This is often associated with the language code of the working class
14 of 17
Social capital
The social networks of influence and support that people have
15 of 17
Setting
Where students are divided into groups (sets) of the same ability in particular subjects
16 of 17
Streaming
Where, in schools, students are divided into groups of similar ability (bands or streams) in which they stay for all subjects
17 of 17
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The lack of money and/or material goods needed to succeed educationally e.g. lack of access to books, equipment
Back
Material deprivation
Card 3
Front
Pupils who have limited language skills which means that they are at a disadvantage in the education system (elaborated and restricted code)
Back
Card 4
Front
Used by interactionists to describe the stereotypical pupil who meet tutor expectations in terms of academic and non-academic factors
Back
Card 5
Front
Defining a person or group in a certain way – as a particular ‘type’ of person or group
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