Sociology

Izzat

Family honour

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Confluent Love

short term relationships that only last as long as each partner is satisfied.

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Reconstituted Family

marriage where a partner has been and has children from a previous relationship.

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Genderquake

Women having more rights and more equal role within the family and in the workplace.

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Secularisation

Religion has become less important and influential.

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Chester

Everyone wants to get married and have children.

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Bhatti

Family honour

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Ballard

Asian families are more traditional

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Modood

Asian families are changing

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Berthoud

Strong independant black women

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Parsons

A functionalist who argues gender roles are based on natural characteristics; men are instrumental and women are expressive.

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Osier and Vincent

Found normative femininity in a secondary school; female students didnt want to get into trouble and change their reputation.

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Stanley and Wise

Gender is a social construct. Gender roles are shaped by the agents of socialisation. Nurture no nature.

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Blackman

Found assertive femininity in a secondary school.

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Frosh

Found boys identified characteristics such as 'hardness', having a fashionable 'look', holding anti-school values and being sporty, as characteristics to aspire to.

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Frosh

He also found boys who valued academic success were seen as more feminine and were bullied, were as those who were more anti-school were seen as more hegemonic.

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Gauntlett

Argues that magazines give advice about how to be attractive to people in relation to gender.

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Frances

Observed children playing in role-play situations and found males aged 7-11 took on high status positions and naturally saw themselves in positions of power and dominance.

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Frances

In contrast female children took on roles in which they could express their selfless and mature behaviour.

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Gershuny

Looked at conjugal roles and found childcare and housework are much more likely to be shared today.

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Sharpe

Did a study in the 1970's and then did the same study again in the 1990's and found girls now valued careers over marriage.

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Murugami

Argues individuals with a disibility can construct an identity that is separate to their disability, just one of their characteristics but not their defining feature.

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Wilkinson

Believes there has been a growing convergence of the values of men and women.

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Mac an Ghaill

Found that men are facing a crisis of masculinity, due to a lack manual jobs through which they can express their hegemonic masculinity. This is evidence men are still hegemonic and not willing to acceptthe new types of masculinities.

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Jackson

Found the dstinction between masculinities and femininities amoung young people at school is becoming blurred; girls would ften take on laddish behaviour.

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Gittins

Looked at rising divorce rates as evidence of women's changing attitudes.

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Butler

Found young Asian women in Coventry and Bradford were keen to move beyond the expectation of Asian women by persuing higher education and careers.

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Connell

Identifies hegmonic masculinity and 3 other 'new' masculinities.

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Shakespeare

Argues disabled people are socialised to see themselves as inferior and helpless. This takes place through a process of labelling that results in a self-fulfilling prophecy.

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Structural Theory

Structural theories look at the big pictures: Beyond the surface of what society looks like, there is an underlying structure that shapes or moulds society in a particular way. The individual is produced by so

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Conflict Theory

There are differences of interest in any society. Focus on the role of power and coercion. The dominant group imposes its own values on the rest.

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Ideology

An ideology is a set of ideas that serve to support and protect the interests of the powerful in society.

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Dominant Ideologies

Dominant ideologies often present certain aspects of the social world as inevitable, natural or universal. This implies that any alternative way of thinking, or alternative course of action, must be unnatural and unusual.

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The Looking Glass Theory

We imagine how others see us, we imagine the judgments others make about us, we create our self-image according to the comments of others

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Sociology

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