Social Learning Theory

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  • Created by: asusre
  • Created on: 10-04-21 11:24
Which psychologist proposed social learning theory?
Bandura proposed SLT.
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Where does social learning theory agree with behaviourists?
Social learning theory agrees with the behaviourists that behaviour is learned from experience.
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Where does social learning theory differ from behaviourists?
Social learning theory says that direct learning (through conditioning) was not the only way that people learn, and they could also learn indirectly (through observation and imitation of others).
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What is vicarious reinforcement?
Vicarious reinforcement occurs when an individual observes the behaviour of others and its consequences. The learner may imitate the behaviour if they see the behaviour being rewarded (reinforced), rather than punished.
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What is identification?
Identification is where an individual imitates a behaviour because they want to be associated with a person or group.
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What is modelling?
Modelling is the imitation of beaviour of someone an individual identifies with.
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What makes someone identify with a model?
A person becomes a model if they are seen to possess similar characteristics to the observer or are attractive and have high status.
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What is the effect of modelling on behaviour?
People are more likely to imitate people they identify with (a model).
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What are mediational processes?
Mediational processes are cognitive/mental factors that affect the likelihood of repeating the behaviour we have observed.
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What are the mediational processes involved in learning and performing behaviour?
The mediational processes can be remembered using 'ARMM'.
The mediational processes invloved in learning behaviour are Attention and Retention and the mediational processes involved in performing behaviour are Motor reproduction and Motivation.
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What is attention?
Attention is the extent to which we notice/focus on certain behaviours.
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What is retention?
Retention is how well the behaviour is remembered.
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What is motor reproduction?
Motor reproduction is the ability of the learner to physically perform the behaviour.
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What is motivation?
Motivation is the will to perform the behaviour (which is often determined by whether the behaviour was reinforced or punished).
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In what conditions will the learner reproduce a behaviour in the future?
When the opportunity arrives in the future, the learner will imitate the behaviour if the expectation of positive consequences is greater than the expectation of negative consequences.
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What study is evidence for modelling?
Bandura (1961) investigated behaviour of children who watched models behave quietly or aggressively towards a Bobo doll.
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What were the results of Bandura (1961)?
Children in the aggressive condition imitated many of the model’s aggressive and non-aggressive behaviours, whilst the children in the non-aggressive condition displayed very few of these behaviours (70% of them had zero scores), and spent more time playi
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What can be concluded from Bandura (1961)?
Bandura (1961) concluded that learning can take place in the absence of conditioning – the children imitated the model’s behaviour in the absence of any rewards.
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What study shows the real-world application of understanding of criminal behaviour?
Akers (1998) shows people are more likely to engage in criminal behaviour when exposed to models who do so, identifying with these models and expecting positive consequences for this behaviour.
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What study shows research support for identification?
Fox and Bailenson (2009) found evidence for identification by having their participants watch computer-generated humans, who looked like their participants, engaging in exercise. The participants engaged in more exercise in the 24 hours after watching thi
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What are the strengths of social learning theory in terms of theory and methods?
Social learning theory emphasises reciprocal determinsm and recognises the influence of cognitive factors on learning.
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What is a limitation of the evidence for social learning theory?
Social learning theory is based on contrived lab studies, which is subject to demand characteristics.
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How is social learning theory reductionist?
Social learning theory ignores the influence of biological factors on learning. For example, observational learning may be the result of mirror neurons in the brain which allow us to emphasise with other people.
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What study shows the limitation that the social learning theory has a problem of causality?
Siegel and McCormick (2006) argue that delinquency is not caused by exposure to deviant models but possession of deviant attitudes prior to contact with deviant peers, which leads them to seek out deviant peers with similar attitudes.
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What are the strengths of the learning approaches in general?
The learning approaches have useful practical applications (prisons, schools, psych wards) and use objective experimental methods which gives them scientific credibility.
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What are the limitations of the learning approaches in general?
The learning approaches are reductionist as they fail to consider biological factors and determinist (SLT less so than behaviourism).
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Card 2

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Where does social learning theory agree with behaviourists?

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Social learning theory agrees with the behaviourists that behaviour is learned from experience.

Card 3

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Where does social learning theory differ from behaviourists?

Back

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Card 4

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What is vicarious reinforcement?

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Card 5

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What is identification?

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