Social Learning Theory

Teacher recommended

?
Who came up with the SLT?
Bandura
1 of 33
What does the SLT state?
People learn indirectly through observation and imitation of others within a social context, also indirectly by watching others be conditioned and directly with conditioning
2 of 33
Observation
Watching behaviour of others
3 of 33
Imitation
Imitating the behaviour observed
4 of 33
Identification
Identifying with a particular role model, can be due to gender, similar to us, someone we see as important
5 of 33
Modelling
Imitating the behaviour of role models (imitation due to identification)
6 of 33
Vicarious reinforcement
Observing model being praised for behaviour, individual didnt receive reinforcement themselves, they are more likely to repeat models behaviour to achieve the same outcome (and visa vera for vicarious punishment)
7 of 33
What are the 4 stages of SLT?
1) Observation of behaviour, 2) Retention (storing behaviour in memory), 3) Reproduction (modelling behaviour) 4) Motivation (receiving reward for behaviour)
8 of 33
Banduras original study aim
To investigate whether exposure to aggression would influence behaviour
9 of 33
Experimental design, IV and DV
ED- Independent groups, IV- behaviour of the model, DV- behaviour of child
10 of 33
Procedure 1
Put in room and watched model interact with bobo doll, 3 groups (aggressive, non-aggressive and control), witnessed behaviour for 10 mins, then put in a room with the toys and told they can play for 20 mins and behaviour was observed
11 of 33
Before the children were lead into the room with toys they could play with, they were put in a room with toys and told they couldnt play with them, why did they do this?
To make them anxious, this stage was called the aggression arousal phase
12 of 33
Results 1
Children who had observed the aggressive model acted more aggressive than those who watched the non-aggressive model, boys tended to be more aggressive
13 of 33
Bandura's 1963 study aim
To see if aggression seen on film would be imitated
14 of 33
Name the 3 conditions
1) 'Real life' aggression (watching aggression in real life), 2) watching humans being aggressive on film, 3) Watching cartoon characters be aggressive on film (everything artificial- cat, music)
15 of 33
Procedure 2
Children watched the condition assigned to them, then made mildly aggressive before being lead into room with toys to play with
16 of 33
Results 2
Mean total aggression score: Real life-83, human film- 92, cartoon- 99 and control- 54, all conditions were significant to control (using Wilcoxon)
17 of 33
Aim 3
To investigate the role of vicarious reinforcement
18 of 33
Conditions in procedure 3
1) Model showing aggressive behaviour and being rewarded, 2) model being aggressive and being punished, 3) no consequences
19 of 33
Procedure 3
Children taken to room, watched a 5 min long film in which the model shows aggression and is either rewarded, punished or for the control group, no response to aggression. In the film the model orders bobo doll to move then gets aggressive with it
20 of 33
What were the 4 distinctive aggressive responses shown in the film?
1) Sat on the doll punching it saying "pow, boom", 2) doll came back up again and hit on head with mallet, 3) model kicked bobo doll, 4) model threw rubber balls at it
21 of 33
Results 3
Seeing the model receive positive reinforcement increased the likelihood of the aggressive behaviour being copied, boys performed more of the 4 aggressive responses than girls
22 of 33
Conclusion of studies
Children who observe an aggressive model are more likely to imitate the aggressive behaviour, particularly if the model was the same gender and if the model was rewarded
23 of 33
Generalisability
Children who were middle class and white and from the same nursery, showing cultural bias and making it hard to generalise
24 of 33
Reliability
Can be replicated and cause and effect relationship can be established as there were good controls, also high inter-observer reliability
25 of 33
Application
We can see how children can be influenced and this can be used in the media and childrens programs to reduce aggression
26 of 33
Validity
Artificial tasks (low ecological v), also demand characteristics because a bobo doll is meant to be hit, in addition the pp's werent followed up after so we cant see if behaviour was actually learnt
27 of 33
Ethics
Unethical to teach children to be aggressive, could have long term effects on child
28 of 33
Supporting evidence for theory
Banduras experiments
29 of 33
Conflicting
Not a full explanation for all behaviour, doesnt take into account psychopathic behaviour etc
30 of 33
Other explanations
Biological factors on learning, only focuses on nurture of learning and not nature, innate behaviours, boys being more aggressive than girls (gender factors)
31 of 33
Usefulness
We can apply it to the media and try and prevent certain undesired behaviours from being shown to reduce these behaviours shown in children
32 of 33
Testability
Difficult to establish causal link between observing behaviour and carrying out behaviour, other things could have influenced behaviour, hormones, sleep deprivation, brain chemistry etc
33 of 33

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What does the SLT state?

Back

People learn indirectly through observation and imitation of others within a social context, also indirectly by watching others be conditioned and directly with conditioning

Card 3

Front

Observation

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Imitation

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Identification

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Psychology resources:

SLT
See all Psychology resources »See all Learning Theories resources »