Social 7 Intergroup Behaviour

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  • Created by: freya_bc
  • Created on: 24-04-18 18:15
Sherif, 1966
Realistic conflict theory- competition between groups over scarce resources results in conflict and ethnocentrism - resources physc, econ, conceptual
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King, Knight & Hebl, 2010).
Discrimination increases in economic hardship and among the groups that have the most to lose
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Sheriff (1966)
summer camp exp eagles and rattlers,- spontaneous friendship formation, ingroup and norm formation, intergroup competition, intergroup cooperation superordinate goals
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Brown, 2000
actual vs perceived material conflicts
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Billig,1995).
Approach is too generic – ignores social historical context (Billig,1995).
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Davis (1969)
relative deprivation J curve Form expectations about the future based on behaviour in the past- J curve drops off and this is where rel dep kicks in- difference between what expected and what actually happened
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Runciman (1966
distinguished between egoistic rel dep (an idvs own sense of dep rel to other sim idv), fraternalistic- collective sense group entitled to more than other groups
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Kelly & Breinlinger, 1996)
strong group ID nec for rel dep- to influence perceptions and collective action
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Martin et al., (1984)
perceived effectiveness of action- taking action protesting will readdress imbalance. affects rel dep
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Tyler & Lind, 1992
perception of injustice affect rel dep. Group has less than it is entitled to (distributive injustice) Unfair procedures (procedural injustice
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Martin & Murray, 1983).
ingroup-outgroup comparisons- likelihood for action dep on which out-group we compare our group against
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Tajfel (1981)
minimal group experiments, fairness- equal distrib of points between groups, max joint profit= no favourite, max dif= difference in favour of in group
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Vaughan, Tajfel, & Williams, 1981).
participants allocate resources unfairly (in favour of the in-group). It is even observed in children as young as 7 and 12 years when they were given coins to distribute
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Mummendey & Otten, 1998
Positive-negative symmetry – effect less pronounced when participants distribute punishment to out-group
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Tajfel & Turner, 1979
Social Identity Theory - people show in-group favoritism, because they derive self-esteem not only from personal accomplishments, but also from the status and achievements of their in-group
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Fein and Spencer, (1997)
derogating outgroup members- if given positive feedback from intel test, threatened if told werent performing well in rel to rest of peer group - asked to watch video of applicant and give feedback. More positive if got positive feedback-...
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...
not observed in candidate that was not jewish - not in outgroup.
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Solomon, Greenberg, and Pyszczynski (2004)
terror management theory Innate drive for survival + an awareness of the inevitability of death = incapacitating terror. Wouldn’t be able to function To assuage the paralyzing fear of death, humans embrace “cultural worldviews
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MCGregor et al., (1998)
pp eval likeminded or dissim political people After a MS manipulation, participants have demonstrated greater aggression (as measured via the allocation of hot sauce) to a person who threatened their political worldview.
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Turner et al., 1987).
self-categorisation theory explains the cog cateogrisation process underpinning SIT
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Brigham & Barkowitz, 1978
Relative homogeneity effect: tendency to see ingroup members as more differentiated, and out-group members the same
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...
Black and White college students were shown 72 photographs of black and white faces and were asked whether they had seen it previously in a set of 24 photographs (12 for each group). Both groups indicated that signifmore dif recog OG faces
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Allport (1954):
contact hypothesis- view that bringing members of opposing social groups together will improve intergroup relations and reduce prejudice and discrimination
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Zanjonc, 1968
mere exposure effect
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Pettigrew & Tropp (2006):
meta, Intergroup contact was effective – 94% of samples showed an inverse relationship between contact and prejudice. The effects of contact generalized beyond the contact situation
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...
Allport’s conditions were effective, but not essential for a reduction prejudice. BUT – his conditions were only fully observed in 19% of samples!
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Stephan et al., 2002
Research suggests uncertainty reduction is a mechanism – contact reduces the anxiety of not knowing how to act, how you will be perceived by the others and whether you will be accepted
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Wilder, (1984)
interpersonal contact- more if pleasant/typical than unpleasant atypical behaviour of the out-group member was manipulated – he/she either behaved in a pleasant or unpleasant manner. Participants evaluated the other college as a whole afterwards...
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...
Relative to a no contact control condition, only a pleasant interaction with a typical group member generalised to the whole college. When bring people together reduces uncertainty of how to behave around them- fear and anx reduces
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Noor et al., 2012
intergroup competitive victimhood- group members involved in violent conflicts believe their group has suffered more than the other.
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Card 2

Front

King, Knight & Hebl, 2010).

Back

Discrimination increases in economic hardship and among the groups that have the most to lose

Card 3

Front

Sheriff (1966)

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Brown, 2000

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Billig,1995).

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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