Sleep deprivation - references

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***Lim and Dinges (2008)***
propose that sleep deprivation leads to an increase of errors of omission & commission, slowing of response times and an increase of the time-on-task effect (where performance declines during a test because of fatigue or boredom)
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Van Dongen et al (2003)
2 experiments. One TSD & other PSD of 4,6,8 hrs. Tasks - Psychomotor Vigilance Test, Digit Symbol Substitution Task, Serial Addition Subtraction Task, Stanford Sleepiness Scale. More sleep = better the performance. SSS. Same study -sleep architecture
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Boonstra et al., 2007
The reason that cognitive function is impaired when an individual is sleep deprived may be because sleep deprivation is linked to increased levels of adenosine which has a general inhibitory effect on neural activity
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***Brunner et al., 1990***
If spending less time in REM sleep when they are sleep deprived, then they may have REM sleep rebound in recovery. REM sleep rebound has been found in the 2 recovery nights following only 2 nights of partial sleep deprivation of 4 hours
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Moore, 2007
Circadian rhythms, sleep homeostasis/sleep pressure, sleep pressure builds up as awake, wake is maintained by increasing circadian drive for arousal, however, as homeostatic drive for sleep accumulates,circadian drive for arousal decreases = sleep
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Borbely & Achermann, 1999
Deprived of sleep - sleep homeostasis keeps increasing. This is important because sleep homeostasis is closely related to SWS, in that the greater the sleep pressure the more time you will spend in SWS
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Yoo et al., 2007
Sleep deprivation & emotional wellbeing. Assigned to either sleep deprivation group or control group. Sleep deprivation group - kept awake 35 hours. Control group not deprived of sleep. Emotional stimulus viewing task whilst brains scanned fMRI.
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***Independent research - Pilcher & Huffcutt, 1996***
Following from Yoo et al., (2007) - in a meta-analysis that aimed to quantitatively describe the effects of sleep loss, it was found that sleep deprivation has a stronger effect on mood than either cognitive or motor performance
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Kobayashi et al., 2012
Weight management - shown that short sleep (sleeping less than or equal to 5 hours a night) is significantly linked to weight gain and obesity in both male and female adults
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Van Cauter et al., 2005
There are two key hormones involved in regulating hunger and appetite, which are Ghrelin and Leptin. Sleep is important for regulating our metabolism and regulating these hormones
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Spiegel et al., 2004
Ghrelin may particularly increase appetite for high-calorie foods. When the body is deprived of sleep, production of ghrelin increases
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Taheri et al., 2004
When leptin levels are lower than normal, an individual is less likely to feel full after eating. Low sleep suppresses leptin production, making an individual more likely to feel ongoing pangs of hunger
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Buxton et al., 2012
Therefore, sleep is important when considering public health issues. There is evidence that sleep must be of adequate length and physiological continuity to avoid predisposing people to adverse health problems, such as obesity and diabetes
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Rogers et al., 2001
Sleep deprivation weakens the immune system and thus the ability to fight these infections
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Heiser et al., 2000
Literature shows that sleep deprivation and recovery sleep reduces the number of natural killer cells
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Orzel-Gryglewska, 2010
Sleeplessness is related to the changes in the immune response and the pattern of hormonal secretion, of the growth hormone, especially
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Dawson and Reid, 1997
Sleep deprivation & alcohol consumption. Sleep dep - kept awake for 28 hours. Alcohol - 10-15g at 30-min intervals until mean blood alcohol concentration - 0.10%. Measured cognitive psychomotor performance at 30-min intervals.
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Ferrara & De Gennaro, 2001
there is no real consensus for how much sleep people need (Ferrara & De Gennaro, 2001). Some researchers suggest between 7-8 hours, and others suggest more or less.
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Van Dongen et al (2003)

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2 experiments. One TSD & other PSD of 4,6,8 hrs. Tasks - Psychomotor Vigilance Test, Digit Symbol Substitution Task, Serial Addition Subtraction Task, Stanford Sleepiness Scale. More sleep = better the performance. SSS. Same study -sleep architecture

Card 3

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Boonstra et al., 2007

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Card 4

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***Brunner et al., 1990***

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Card 5

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Moore, 2007

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