*Consists of bones, cartilage, joints & ligaments which accounts for 20% of body mass
*Bones fit together to form a framework for the body and are held in place by muscles and ligaments
*Skeleton is divided in to 2:
1. Axial skeleton (80 bones)
*Skull
*V
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functions of the skeleton (5)
*To support
*To protect
*To provide levers for movement
*To produce blood cells
*To store minerals (calcium and phosphorus)
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Classification of bones
The 4 main types are based on size and shape:
1. Long- length exceeds the width and consists of a head and shaft
2. Short - Lack a long axis and are irregular shapes (cube shaped)
3. Flat - Thin, flat and slightly curved bones for extensive muscle attach
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Types of bone (osseous) tissue
*Compact - dense and strong (external)
*Spongy (cancellous) - giving a spongy appearance fills the internal spaces with the blood and blood cells
Contains three types of cell
1. Osteoblast - builds bone tissue
2. Osteocytes - maintain bone tissue
3.
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The long bone - anatomy
1. Diaphysis:
*Tubular component or shaft
*Constructed by thick collar of compact bone, surrounds a central cavity
2. Epiphysis:
*The bone ends
*Exterior is made of compact bone, with internal area cancellous (spongy bone)
*The epiphyseal line is the j
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Axial Skeleton
1. Skull:
*28 bones including cranial and facial bones
*Hyoid bone
2. Vertebral column
*24 single bones - vertebrae
*Sacrum - 5 fused bones
*Coccyx - 4 fused bones
3. Bony thorax
*Sternum
*Ribs (24 bones)
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Appendicular Skeleton
1. Pectoral Girdle (shoulder):
*Upper extremities/limbs (arms and hands) 64 bones, including the shoulder girdle bones
2. Pelvic Girdle (Hip)
*Lower extremities/limbs (legs and feet) 62 bones, including the pelvic girdle bones
3. Pectoral and pelvic gird
*Lower extremities (legs)
*Pelvic (hip) girdle
-Illium (largest part of the hip bone)
-Ischium (strongest part of the hip bone)
-Pubis
*Lower limb
-Femur
-Tibia & Fibula
-Talus, Metatarsals, Phalanges (Foot)
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Developmental Aspects of the Skeleton
*Older adults
-Osteoporosis:
-Caused by depletion of calcium from the body
-Bone-thinning disease afflicting:
1. 50% of women over age 65
2. 20% of men over age 70
-Disease makes bones fragile, and bones can easily fracture
-Vertebral collapse results i
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Joints - Classification
*Fibrous Joints (Fixed) - no movement between bones with a layer of fibrous tissue between them e.g. sutures of the skull
*Cartilaginous Joints (slightly moveable) - firmly joined together by cartilage with slightly moveable articulations e.g. pubic symp
*To support
*To protect
*To provide levers for movement
*To produce blood cells
*To store minerals (calcium and phosphorus)
Back
functions of the skeleton (5)
Card 3
Front
The 4 main types are based on size and shape:
1. Long- length exceeds the width and consists of a head and shaft
2. Short - Lack a long axis and are irregular shapes (cube shaped)
3. Flat - Thin, flat and slightly curved bones for extensive muscle attach
Back
Card 4
Front
*Compact - dense and strong (external)
*Spongy (cancellous) - giving a spongy appearance fills the internal spaces with the blood and blood cells
Contains three types of cell
1. Osteoblast - builds bone tissue
2. Osteocytes - maintain bone tissue
3.
Back
Card 5
Front
1. Diaphysis:
*Tubular component or shaft
*Constructed by thick collar of compact bone, surrounds a central cavity
2. Epiphysis:
*The bone ends
*Exterior is made of compact bone, with internal area cancellous (spongy bone)
*The epiphyseal line is the j
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