1). The Transparent/Umbrella Woman condition 2). The Transparent/Gorilla condition 3). The Opaque/Umbrella Woman condition 4). The Opaque Gorilla condition.
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D.V?
number of participants in each of the conditions who noticed the unexpected event (Umbrella Woman or Gorilla).
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Sample?
228 participants- undergraduate students. + Volunteer sample (observer either volunteered to participate without ££, received a large candy bar, or paid a single fee for taking part in a larger test session in another unrelated experiment)
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Materials?
1). x4 videotapes were shown for 75 seconds. 2) Each tape showed two teams of three players (white+black shirts) 2) team members passed a orange basketball to each other in regular order.
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What happened during the video tape?
After 44 – 48 seconds of action, either of two unexpected events occurred.- Umbrella condition + Gorilla condition (unexpected event lasted for 5 seconds)
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Transparent video?
white team, black team + unexpected event were all filmed separately. X3 video streams were rendered partially transparent + then superimposed by using digital video editing software.
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Opaque video?
seven actors were filmed simultaneously +could occlude (stop, close up, or obstruct) each other + the basketballs. Required some rehearsal to eliminate collisions + other accidents and to get natural patterns of movement.
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Ethics?
All observers were tested individually and gave informed consent in advance.
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For each of the four displays, what were four task conditions?
White/Easy, White/Hard, Black/Easy, Black/Hard
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How many individual conditions in total?
sixteen-each observer participated in only one condition.
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Results?
Out of all 192 participants across all conditions- 54% -p’s noticed the unexpected event + 46%- P’s did not notice the unexpected event
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Conclusion- the effect of superimposition compared to live events within the video recording?
Inattentional blindness occurs more frequently in cases of superimposition compared to live action, but is still a feature of both.
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Conclusion - measure the impact of task difficulty?
The degree of Inattentional blindness depends on difficulty of the primary task, and is more likely when the task is hard
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Conclusion - whether the unusualness of the unexpected event had an impact of detection rates?
Observers are more likely to notice unexpected events if these events are visually similar to the events they are paying attention to.
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