SEM 3: Head and Neck II

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what are the relations of the concha
there are three concha: superior, middle and inferior. sup. spheno-ethmoid recess, inf. hard pallet, covered by meati.
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what are the cells in the meati
pseudo stratified ciliated columnar
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what are the three regions of the nasal cavity
olfactory, respiratory and nasal vestibule
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what are the sinuses of the nasal cavity
sphenoid, ethmoid, frontal and maxillary
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what is the function of the crista Galli
provides attachment for dura matter
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what is the function of the cribriform plate
allows the passage of the olfactory nerves
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where is the perpendicular plate in the nasal cavity
posterior midline. attaches to the vomar bone ant. to form the nasal septum
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where are the ethmoid bulla and air cells
forms the medial wall of the orbital
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what is the uncinate process
an ethmoidal structure arising off the inferior nasal concha
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what opening is found superior to the uncinate and inferior to the middle meatus
ethmoidal cells
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what opening is found inferior to the uncinate
drainage of the maxillary
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what opening is found in the inf. nasal cavity
nasolacrimal duct
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what opening lies between the superior and middle concha
frontonasal duct
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how do the paranasal sinuses drain
frontal, sphenoidal and maxillary -> ethmoidal -> nasolacrimal duct
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The cribiform plate forms the roof of the nasal cavity. Which cranial bone does it belong to?
Ethmoid bone
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what is the vestibule of the nose
the ant. opening of the nasal cavity
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what is the ethmoid bulla
the opening of the middle ethmoidal sinus
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how are the relations of the maxillary sinus clinically relevant
only one opening by the uncinate process, which can become blocked causing chronic sinusiti, which may be felt as tooth ache as its very close to the posterior upper molars supplied by sup. alveolar nerve, causing referred pain.
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what muscle controls frowning
frontal process
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what muscle controls the nose scrunching
levator
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what is the attachment of the frontal process
capilla (bridge of nose)
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what is the attachment of the nasalis
cartilaginous maxilla
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what is the attachment of the levator
frontal process of maxilla
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where is the pharyngeal tonsil
between Palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches
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what is the torus tubaris
the opening of the auditory tube
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what are the adenoids
tonsils in the posterior-superior nasopharynx aka pharyngeal tonsils
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from sup. to inf., what are the orders of the muscles under the tongue
genioglossus, geniohyoid, mylohoid
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what is the blood supply to the frontal sinus
ant. ethmoidal a. from ophthalmic branch of ICA
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what is the blood supply to the ethmoid sinus
ant. ethmoidal a. form ophthalmic branch of ICA
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what is the blood supply to the maxillary sinus
maxillary a. from ECA
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what is the blood supply to the sphenoid sinus
pharyngeal a. branch of maxillary a. from ECA
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what is the innervation of the frontal sinus
V1: supraorbital
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what is the innervation of the ethmoid sinus
V1 & V2: ant. and post. ethmoidal branches of nasocillary
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what is the innervation of the maxillary sinus
V2: infra orbital and alveolar
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what is the innervation of the sphenoid sinus
V1 & V2: post. ethmoidal and ptyerygopalatine ganglion
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what nerve provides olfactory sensation to the nasal cavity
olfactory n. (CN I) via cribriform plate
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what nerve provides general sensation to the nasal cavity
ant. : ophthalmic (V1 branch of trigeminal - CN V) post. : maxillary (V2 branch of trigeminal - CN V)
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what innervates the glands of the nasal cavity
parasympathetic: greater petrosal n. of facial n. (CN VII)
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what is the venous drainage of the nasal cavity
follows arteries -> pterygoid plexus, facial vein or cavernous sinus.
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where does the nasal cavity lymph drain to
deep cervical nodes
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superior to inferior, what is the order of the cartillagenous skeleton of the larynx
epiglottis, thyrohyoid membrane, thyroid cartilage, cricothyroid membrane, cricoid cartilage
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what are the relations of the arythoid cartilage
ant. thyroid cartilage, inf. cricoid cartilage, sup. epiglottis, post. vocal chords
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what are the relations of the corniculate cartilage
ant. thyroid cartilage, inf. arythoid cartilage, sup. epiglottis,
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what does the epiglottis cover
laryngeal inlet
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what two ligaments help close the airways in swallowing, and through what action.
thyroepiglottic and hyoepiglotic by pulling larynx up
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what is action of the posterior crico-arytenoid
abduct, pivoting arytenoids to open vocal ligaments
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what is action of the lateral crico-arytenoid
adduct, pivoting arytenoids to close vocal ligaments
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which muscle is NOT supplied by the recurrent laryngeal N.
straight and oblique cricothyroid
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from medial to lateral, what aspects of the glottis region are seen in laryngoscopy
vocal folds, vestibular folds, aryepiglottic fold (with arytenoids post.)
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in forced inspiration, the glottic region appears:
vocal folds abducted, glottis wide, vestibule open
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in quiet inspiration, the glottic region appears:
all folds relaxed and partially open
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in phonation, the glottic region appears:
vocal folds adducted and stridating vestibule open
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in swallowing, the glottic region appears:
laryngeal inlet narrowed, epiglottis swings down to arytenoids
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in effort closure, the glottic region appears:
vocal and vestibular folds adducted, vestibule and rima glottis closed
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where does the thyroid gland lie
trachea, over thryoid cartilage
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what is the blood supply of the thyroid
sup. from ECA, inf. from thyrocervical trunch (branch of subclavian)
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what is the venous drainage of the thyroid
sup. and middle -> IJV, inf. -> brachiocephalic
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where are the parathyroid glands
on right and left lobes, posteriorly. 2 inf. and 2 sup.
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which muscles protect the thyroid
sternohyoid, sternothyroid and omohyoid
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how is the thyroid development relevant clinically
foramen cacem on tongue is a remnant of a the tube from which the thyroid developed. thyroglossal cysts can grow from this tube, hence why sticking your tongue out causes the cyst to rise.
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Card 2

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what are the cells in the meati

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pseudo stratified ciliated columnar

Card 3

Front

what are the three regions of the nasal cavity

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Card 4

Front

what are the sinuses of the nasal cavity

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Card 5

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what is the function of the crista Galli

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