Secularisation Topic

1. Argues fundamentalism occurs for different reasons in both the West and Third World countries. In the West, fundamentalism is as a response to changes within society, especially trends towards diversity. In Third World countries, fundamentalism is as a re (5)
4. Recent decades have seen the emergence of secular forms of fundamentalism. This is as a result of the optimism of Enlightenment philosophy coming under attack, leading to a rise in pessimism, which is a product of the risk of globalisation. Religious chal (5)
5. Found 2 responses to postmodernity: resistance identity (a defensive reaction, like turning to fundamentalism) and project identity (those who are more forward looking). (8)
7. Argued secularisation is occuring as a result of 'rationalisation.' The Protestant Reformation started rationalisation, as the monopoly of Catholicism began to be challenged by the ideology of Protestantism. (5)
10. 85% of the Indian population are Hindu. Worshipping Hinduism has become the same as worshipping the nation of India, creating a rise of Hindu ultra-nationalism. 93% of Indians agree that their culture is superior to others, and arguably their success in t (5)

1. Pentecostalism in Latin America acts as a functional equivalent to Weber's Protestant ethic. Pentecostalists embrace a work ethic similar to that of Calvinists, demanding an ascetic lifestyle. This ethic is necessary to promote economic development and ra (6)
2. Industrialisation has undermined religious beliefs, as small communities give way to large urban communities with diverse beliefs. (5)
4. In the past, the power of the church meant people felt obliged to attend services. Due to rationalism undermining religion, religion is now a choice, that people choose to consume. (5)
8. Argued that in the USA, churchgoing was seen as an expression of the 'American way of life,' rather than as a result of deeply held religious beliefs. He claimed America was secular because religion had become superificial. (6)
9. Argues secularisation comes from within. The emphasis on traditional Christian beliefs and glorifying God has declined. This change has enabled it to fit in with a secular society. The purpose of religion has changed from seeking salvation to seeking pers (5)

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