science physics

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  • Created by: zai_nan
  • Created on: 31-03-15 19:51
what gives off radiation ?
hot objects
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what is a vacuum
a area with no particles
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what surfaces area are good absorbers of infrared radiation ?
dark matted surface
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what surfaces are slow to emit infrared radiation ?
shiny surface
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what surfaces are good reflectors of infrared radiation
shiny surface
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what are the 3 things can increase the rate of evaporation ?
temperature , surface area , pressure of surrounding and water vapor in the air
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what is a poor conductor called ?
insulator
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what are the 3 states of matter ?
solid , liquid and gas
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give an explanation of solid
solids have a fixed-shape , fixed volume , very close together , arranged in a pattern , they don't have much energy so they vibrate a little
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give an explanation of liquid?
have a fixed volume , can change shape depending on its container . has more energy than solids. weaker forces , close together , move past each other . move in all directions at low speeds.
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give an explanation of gase?
there are almost no forces , the more energy than solids and liquids . free to move in any direction and move at high sppeeds
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where does conduction occur ?
Conduction occurs when there is a transfer of energy through collisions of paricles within the material
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where does convection occur?
Convection occurs when there is a transfer of energy through the transfer of mass
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why does a fluid become less dense when it is heated ?
When liquids heat up, the molecules and atoms move faster. When they move faster, they bump against each other harder. The harder they bump against each other, the farther they bounce away from each other. The farther they bounce away from each other
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what two things increase the rate of condensation
Decrease in temperature and increase in pressure.
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how can he structure of the vacuum flask minimise energy transfer by conduction , convection and radiation?
the cap is made out of plastic and filled with cork of foam to reduce conduction . the glass bottle has a vacuum between the two walls this stops conduction and convection. the case is made of plastic this reduces conduction
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how can maximise the rate of energy transfer to keep things cool?
good conductors -are painted Matt black -have the air flow around them maximised
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what does the rate at which energy is transferred depend on?
the colour ( dark , bright , ) of the surface and how shiny the material is.
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what does conservation of energy mean?
a certain about of energy that does not change
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what can you not do to energy ?
create or destroy
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name the useful energy of a light bulb ?
light
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name the wasted energy of a light bulb ?
thermal
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name the 9 types of energy?
electrical , light , sound , kinetic , nuclear , thermal , gravitational potential , elastic potential , chemical
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what does a sankey diagram show ?
how much the input energy is been used usefully and how much is being wasted
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how can you make machines more efficient ?
Reduce or remove friction. Ensure that the energy going in is not wasted due to unnecessary work or heat.
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what is payback time ?
how long it takes to pay back in money terms the costs, or thinking about the costs being the energy needed to produce the device.
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what is fuel is used in a nuclear power station
fossil fuels
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what does the step up transformer do ?
to increase the voltage up
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what does the step down transformer do
decreases the voltage to safe useable levels
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name the seven types of electromagnetic waves
gamma rays , x-rays , ultra-violet , visible light , infrared , microwaves , radio waves
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are electromagnetic waves transverse or longitudinal /
transverse
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can transverse waves travel through a vacuum ?
yes
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what does the wavelength do
is the length of a full cycle of the wave . from the crest to crest
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what is the frequency of a wave for
the number of complete waves . it is measured on hertz
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what is the normal of a reflection
a line at right angles to the mirror where the incident ray hits it
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where are angles always measured between in a reflection ?
angel of incidence to the angle of reflection
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what waves are all used for communication
microwaves
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what is an optical fibre
thin rod of high-quality glass.
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why are optical fibre useful
Optical fibres can carry information coded in light or infrared signals. Optical fibres can carry more information than an ordinary cable of the same diameter.
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how are radio waves produced
by various types of transmitter, depending on the wavelength. They are also given off by stars, sparks and lightning, which is why you hear interference on your radio in a thunderstorm
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how does red-shift show that the universe is expanding
the measurements of the red-shift suggest that all the galaxies are moving away from us very quickly . this is evidence that the whole universe is expanding
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what is red-shift
the doppler effect with light , light observed from distant galaxies has been shifted towards the red end of the spectrum
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what is the big bang theory
The Big Bang theory is an effort to explain what happened at the very beginning of our universe
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what has been expanding ever since the big bang
the universe
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whatis comsic microwave background radiation ?
the microwave radiation left over from the big bang
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what can cmbr be explained by
that early universe was a very hot place
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what does CMBR stand for
cosmic , microwave , background and radiation
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what would a blue -shift indicate
moving towards us
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what is a vacuum

Back

a area with no particles

Card 3

Front

what surfaces area are good absorbers of infrared radiation ?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what surfaces are slow to emit infrared radiation ?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what surfaces are good reflectors of infrared radiation

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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