Science topic (5) flashcards

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Genetic Inheritance
1/. DNA is found in chromosomes - normal human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes (2 copies of every chromosomes)
2/. One chromosome comes from the father and other from mother
3/. Most characteristics are controlled by many genes acting together
4/.
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Genetic Inheritance
1/. Genes often come in different versions called alleles (versions of a gene)
2/. Ear wax has 2 alleles - 1 is wet and 1 is dry ear wax
3/. 2 copies of same allele = homozygous
4/.Phenotype = characteristics of a person caused by the person's alleles
5
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Sex determination
1/. Human cell has 23 pairs - 22 pairs of automates and 1 pair of sex chromosomes
2/. Male chromosome = xy
3/. female chromosome = **
4/. Baby formed = sperm + egg cell
5/. Egg cell always = x and sperm cell either x or y
6/. Generally 50/50 (101/100) =
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Inherited disorders
Inherited from parents - one normal and one defective gene

How are they passed on? Recessive and dominant alleles like inheritance. Carry one copy of the allele so can pass it on during 'pregnancy'

Described examples: Polydactyly is extra fingers/toes
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Inherited disorders
Genetic crosses? If we cross Hetrozygous person with poldactyly with a homezygous normal person = 2 hetro people with 2 home normal off spring
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Genetic engineering
What is it? Find a desirable organism with a trate and then transfer it into another organism which develops the same trate


How does it work? Importing and exporting desirably organism into different species of plant etc...
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Genetic engineering
Steps in the process:
1/. Extraction of a cell
2/. Insertion of the cloned DNA
3/. Introduction into the new host
4/. replication and developmnet of the new DNA in the new host
5/. New and improved species is complete
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GM crops
What are they? Developed crops which are used for food and are adapted to grow in different conditions etc..

Pro: Fights disease, less fertilizer, more profit for farmers or owners, help world hunger
Cons: Expensive, allergies, affects surrounding non Gm
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GM crops
Social; people may not afford it and need to fight world hunger
Economic: Owners have big profits, make lot's of money and make it affordable for buyers
ethical; Causes allergies and disease to consumers of the produce
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

1/. Genes often come in different versions called alleles (versions of a gene)
2/. Ear wax has 2 alleles - 1 is wet and 1 is dry ear wax
3/. 2 copies of same allele = homozygous
4/.Phenotype = characteristics of a person caused by the person's alleles
5

Back

Genetic Inheritance

Card 3

Front

1/. Human cell has 23 pairs - 22 pairs of automates and 1 pair of sex chromosomes
2/. Male chromosome = xy
3/. female chromosome = **
4/. Baby formed = sperm + egg cell
5/. Egg cell always = x and sperm cell either x or y
6/. Generally 50/50 (101/100) =

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Inherited from parents - one normal and one defective gene

How are they passed on? Recessive and dominant alleles like inheritance. Carry one copy of the allele so can pass it on during 'pregnancy'

Described examples: Polydactyly is extra fingers/toes

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Genetic crosses? If we cross Hetrozygous person with poldactyly with a homezygous normal person = 2 hetro people with 2 home normal off spring

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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