Russia 1905-1914

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1st duma
april - june 1906
aka "duma of public anger"
dominated by reformers seeking change
result of october manifesto and 1905 rev
391 resolutions, 2 passed
1 of 14
2nd duma
feb - june 1907
aka "duma of peoples wrath"
followed the failure of the vybourg appeal
SRs and SDs gained 80+ seats
right-wing also gained leading to clashes
influential towards stolypin's land reforms under 'wager on the strong'
dissolved after criticis
2 of 14
vybourg appeal
200 kadets and trudoviks (SD party) drew it up in finland
urged russians to refuse to pay tax and disobey orders
non-intended results: increased violence which dicredited the cause
200 deputies were banned from re-election
3 of 14
3rd duma
1907-1912 (longest lasting)
tsar did not get rid: keen to keep russia as democratic, it was effectively docile due to stolypin's electoral reforms
heavily dominated by parties ready to abolish any radical criticism
modernised armed services, set up sch
4 of 14
stolypin's electoral reform
he restricted the votes to the propertised classes i.e. the richest 30% of males
this meant the last 2 dumas were heavily dominated by parties ready to abolish any radical criticism
5 of 14
4th duma
1912 - 1914
dissolved at the beginning of WW1
1914- political parties = made legal
plans for universal education within 10yrs
debates = published in press to influence public opinion
6 of 14
stolypin's wager on the strong
'20 year vision' for peasantry
urged to abandon ***** farming
land banks established in siberia to encourage emigration
harsh terrain = land hunger - 20% returned
05-15 independent farming increased - 30%
7 of 14
stolypin de-revolutionising the peasants
nov 06 = peasants no longer tried to commune
nov 06 = land banks established to aid independent ownership of land - free loans
NYD 07 = end to redemption payments after 46yrs
8 of 14
stolypin's social changes
removed land captains (those who had direct control over peasant affairs)
" gave zemstva additional powers
4 years of schooling for those 8+
compensation scheme for injured factory owners
9 of 14
lena goldfields massacre
workers = treated poorly - 16h days, salary deductions and 70% suffered injury
1912 = workers strike demanding 30% wage increase and 8h days
opened fire on 3000 protestors killing 160
" 750,000 workers also went on strike out of solidarity - May 1912 = 10
10 of 14
alliance systems
triple alliance: G, A-H and Italy agreed to support each other
franco-russian convention: R turned to F to avoid isolation from G and A-H, promising each other military support
triple entente: G threatened B bringing them closer to R and F forming a trio
11 of 14
tensions before war
A-H gained territory in bosnia - russia baked them
after G sided w A-H, R backed out
ottoman empire left, leading to balkans wars
" R remained influential to prevent A-H gaining territory in dardanelles (turkey)
12 of 14
balkans importance in road to war
serbia and bosnia = slavik origin
" R = duty to protect
some R coastlines = in artic circle
" 40% trades occur in dardonelles = essential for R to ensure it doesnt get controlled by enemies
13 of 14
concerns before war
growth of G = fear of expansion of influence
decline of ottoman empire = fear of nationalist movement
growth of A-H = fear of forceful power in the balkans
14 of 14

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

feb - june 1907
aka "duma of peoples wrath"
followed the failure of the vybourg appeal
SRs and SDs gained 80+ seats
right-wing also gained leading to clashes
influential towards stolypin's land reforms under 'wager on the strong'
dissolved after criticis

Back

2nd duma

Card 3

Front

200 kadets and trudoviks (SD party) drew it up in finland
urged russians to refuse to pay tax and disobey orders
non-intended results: increased violence which dicredited the cause
200 deputies were banned from re-election

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

1907-1912 (longest lasting)
tsar did not get rid: keen to keep russia as democratic, it was effectively docile due to stolypin's electoral reforms
heavily dominated by parties ready to abolish any radical criticism
modernised armed services, set up sch

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

he restricted the votes to the propertised classes i.e. the richest 30% of males
this meant the last 2 dumas were heavily dominated by parties ready to abolish any radical criticism

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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