Religous Studies Key Words

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Absolute
means a truth which never varies
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Absolutist
a rule that is true in all situations
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Actuality
is when an object fulfils it potential and becomes something else
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Apparent Good
a faulty judgement as a result of the misuse of reason or misunderstand of divine law.
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A priori knowledge
is knowledge gained from logical reasoning, wholly independent of sense experience
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Automony
independence or freedom, as of the will or one's actions
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Categoriacal imperative
an absolute and universal sense of moral duty which direcs humans to the right actions
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Contingent
dependend on something else for its being
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Cloning
a form of genetic engineering that produces a new life that is a genetic copy of it parent
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Creationism
an acceptance of the Genesis account of the creation of the universe as a factual truth
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Deonthological
refers to an action that is inherently right or wrong. No account is taken of circunstances or outcome.
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Descriptive statement
simply states how things are
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Efficient cause
Aristotle used this to explain how something happens, the agent which brings something about
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Ego
the conscious self, the personailty that the outside world sees
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Empirical knowledge
is knowledge gained from the senses
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Eudaimonia
a Greek word that means happiness through living well
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Final Cause
Aristotle used this to mean the purpose of something
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Five Primary Precepts
the five basic principles of Auinas' Natural Law
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Hedonic Calculus
Benthams method of measuring the good and bad effects of an action
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Heteronomy
the conditions of being subject to a law or standard external to itself
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Higher Pleaseure
those that involve the intellect like reading, art or music. According to Mill, higher pleasures are more valuable that lower pleasures because only a human can appreciate them
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Hypothetical imperavie
in Kant's ethincal system, a moral command that is conditional on personal motive or desire
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Immutable
means unchangeable
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Inconsistent triad
means that a perfectly good and all-knowing God cannot exist at the same time as evil
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Infinite regression
things continuing back forever. (Young children are brilliant at this way of thinking. 'an answer is given which produces another question)
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Irreducible complexity
the idea that some biological organisms are too complex to evelve without the help of an unevolved intelligence
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Lower pleasure
those that please the body, like food and sex. Because these would also please an animal, Mill rates tehm as lower pleasures
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Maxims
rules which are derived from teh categoriacal imperative
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Necessary
refers to something which logically must be ture
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Objective
judgements based on an impartial absolute value system
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Ontological
of or relating to essence or the nature of being
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Postulate
is something which is an initial assumption
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Potentiality
is when something contains the ingredients to become something else
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Prescriptive Statement
makes a rule about how people should behave
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Privation
means the absence, or a lack, of something
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Relativist
a judgement that depends on the cirecumstances;p there is no universal right or wrong
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Sanctity of life
means human life is sacred
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Secondary precepts
the rules that are developed from Aquinas' Five primary precepts
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Subjective
judgements are based on person opionion and not on any fixed rules
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Summum bonum
is the state of supreme good when virtue and happiness come together
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Superego
the subconscious set of maral controls given us by outside influences like the rules of society
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Sythetic
a statement in which the predicate is not a necessary part of the description, e.g. 'The mermaid has a large comb'
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Telos
Greek word meaning purpose. An arguement concered with the purpose, or ultimeate goal, of something is called a teleological argument
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Theodicy
literally means a justification of God. It is an attenmpt by philosophers to reconcide the goodness and omnipotence of God with the existence of evil. Augustine and Irenaeus are two key scholars
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Theonomy
The principles and values behind both religuous and ethical rules are the same.
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Transgenic organism
where a living organism is given genes from a different organism like a plant, an animal, virus or bacteria
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Principle of utility
to seek always the greates balbance of good over evil
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

a rule that is true in all situations

Back

Absolutist

Card 3

Front

is when an object fulfils it potential and becomes something else

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

a faulty judgement as a result of the misuse of reason or misunderstand of divine law.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

is knowledge gained from logical reasoning, wholly independent of sense experience

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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