The area around the atomic nucleus where an electron is likely to be found
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What are Quantum numbers and what are they used for?
They are measurable information about an electron and they are used to find a specific electron's position
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Define 'Principal Quantum number (n)'
It describes how far away the electron is from the nucleus. The maximum # electrons that can fit in an energy level = 2n^2
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Define Angular Quantum number (l)
It describes the sub-shells (the shape of the orbital); it is restricted by n (from 0 - (n-1)) in integer values
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Define the 'Magnetic quantum number (m_l)
Gives the number of orbitals in a sub-level / describes the orientation of an orbital in space; it is restricted by l (from -l to +l)
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Define the 'Spin quantum number' (m_s)
Describes the spin of an electron; determined by placing an electron in a magnetic field
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State the Madelung rule
Orbitals fill with electrons as (n+l) --> which is a sequence of orbital filling. Highlights the energy order of orbitals (so 4s before 3d and 5s before 4d)
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State the Pauli exclusion principle
Orbitals can contain a maximum of two electrons which must have opposite spin
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State the Aufbau rule
The electrons fill from the lowest energy level/orbital before the higher energy orbitals
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State the Hund's rule
The electrons enter the orbitals one at a time until they are half filled (then and only then do they pair up to minimise repulsion)
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are Quantum numbers and what are they used for?
Back
They are measurable information about an electron and they are used to find a specific electron's position
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