Psychology - Schizophrenia and psychotic disorders

?
Definition of schizophrenia
A disorder including psychosis where individuals interpret reality abnormally.
-must have experienced symptoms for 6 months+
1 of 22
DSM-5
a manual for assessment and diagnosis of mental disorders.
2 of 22
positive symptoms
delusions, hallucinations, disorganised thoughts, catatonic behaviour
3 of 22
negative symptoms
loss of normal functioning= such as loss of speech, lack of typical facial expressions
4 of 22
schizophrenia and disorder included characteristics like….
erotomatic, grandiose jealous and persecutory
5 of 22
in order to receive a diagnosis...
the individual must have been experiencing symptoms for one month or longer
6 of 22
FREEMAN
-VR study
-helps facilitate the interpretation of the individuals experience in the social world
-presents different social environments to the user
-has already been successful in the treatment and management of other disorders such as social phobias
7 of 22
FREEMAN continued
-involved specifically designed library/underground train scene
-the user takes a walk or ride in the presence of other neutral avatars (wearing VR headgear)
-trialed on around 200 non-clinical students
8 of 22
post VR test, validated measurements were used to profile each individual´s level of paranoid thinking, emotional distress etc... such as the ...
16 item Green et al Paranoid Thoughts scale Part B
9 of 22
other measures were taken after the VR like...
questionnaires to measure persecutory thinking, visual analogue rating scales, and an assessment of their degree immersion in the virtual environment
10 of 22
RESULTS
-those who scored highly on questionnaire assessment of paranoia experienced high levels as ¨persecutory ideation¨ during the VR test.
-in related studies, Freeman reports that individuals who experience auditory hallucinations in the real world also expe
11 of 22
Genetic
Gottesman & Shields
12 of 22
GOTTESMAN & SHIELDS
-twin study research into the genetic inheritance of schizophrenia
-biological explanation=genes or particular combinations of genes are passed on to offspring which may cause the disorder to develop
-twin studies are highly useful because they allow rese
13 of 22
GOTTESMAN & SHIELDS continued
-467 twins , 57 pairs, 24 sets of MZ+33 DZ
-twins were identified as MZ/DZ using blood group and fingerprint analysis.
-researchers interviewed both the patient and their twin
-participants also undertook cognitive sets such as object sorting
-to ensure
14 of 22
RESULTS
-approx 50% of MZ twins had a shared schizophrenic status, much lower in DZ twins (approx 9%)
-in MZ, the co-twin was more likely to be schizophrenic if their twin was severe
-a high likelihood their co-twin also showed some schizophrenic symptoms (if tw
15 of 22
Biochemical - dopamine hypothesis
Lindstrom et al
16 of 22
Lindstrom et al
-brains of those with schizophrenia produce more dopamine than those without
-the dopamine hypothesis identifies the link between excessive amounts of dopamine and positive symptoms of schizophrenia
-neurons that use the transmitter dopamine are thought
17 of 22
Lindstom et al continued...
-patients with parkinson´s disease are often treated with a synthetic form of dopamine called L-Dopa. If their dosage is too high, it also creates identical symptoms to those with schizophrenia -hallucinations.
-post-mortem studies/autopsies have found th
18 of 22
What did Wise Et al find?
-that the brain fluid from deceased patients had abnormally low levels of the enzyme which breaks down dopamine.
19 of 22
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
-scan analysis indicates a greater number of receptors in the stratium, limbic system and cortex of the brain in those with schizophrenia.
-excessive dopamine activity in these areas may be linked to positive symptoms whilst decreased dopamine activity i
20 of 22
Cognitive
Frith
21 of 22
Frith
-the cognitive approach recognises that biological factors contribute in some way to the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
-
22 of 22

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

DSM-5

Back

a manual for assessment and diagnosis of mental disorders.

Card 3

Front

positive symptoms

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

negative symptoms

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

schizophrenia and disorder included characteristics like….

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Psychology resources:

See all Psychology resources »See all Schizophrenia resources »