Provisional Government and Bolshevik Revolution

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  • Created by: LucyLaa
  • Created on: 03-07-17 20:31
Was the Provisional Government doomed from the start?
Partly - as it was meant to be a temporary measure, it was partly inevitable, and the issues faced were huge. Also, as the Progressive Bloc contained members of the 'old guard', they would be unlikely to compete against the Soviet. (Co-operation?)
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Who was Prince Lvov?
A wealthy landowner, who became the 1st Prime Minister of the PG. He quickly grew frustrated by the conflicting Liberals and Socialists within the government (argued over Ukranian independence and military strikes).
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Who was Pavel Milyukov?
The founder of the Kadets and the 1st Foreign Minister. He infamously wrote the 'Milyukov Note' which promised a continued support of the Allies in the war. This was condemned and he resigned.
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Who was Alexander Kerensky?
A lawyer to the poor, he became Vice Chairman of the Petrograd Soviet. He had positions within both the Soviet and PG, becoming Minister of Justice, Minister of War and later the 2nd Prime Minister of the PG.
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Who was Viktor Chernov?
The son of a former serf peasant, he joined the SRs and later became the leader during the 2nd Duma. He was promoted to Minister of Agriculture and then became the Chairman of the Russian Constituent Assembly.
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Who was Leon Trotsky?
Originally a member of the Mensheviks, he later followed Lenin's Bolsheviks, and bcame War Commissar and Foreign Commissar.
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How successful were the Provisional Government?
Partly - the complete break with autocracy was successful, with greater freedom (political and social), although this allowed a greater spread of opposition and less control over individuals. Some of the policies merely replaced Tsarist policies.
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What was the impact of Lenin's return?
Lenin identified the key issues within Russia in his 'April Theses' and although he was not received well by politicians initially, he eventually won over the Bolsheviks and caused more unrest.
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What were the April Theses?
A list of key issues: worldwide socialist revolution; immediate end to the war; no co-op with PG; Soviet to take power; Land Distribution to peasants
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How did Lenin justify the April Theses?
All his actions were justified by Marxism.
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How successfully did the PG deal with the War?
Not successful - Milyukov went against the socialists, but was forced to resign. These socialists had formed a coalition government, which associated them with the war. The Kerensky offensive (initially good) resulted in many deaths and deserted.
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How successfully did the PG deal with land?
Not successful - They postponed land re-distribution until the Constituent Assembly, which caused huge amounts of illegal land seizures. Peasants were restrained, which caused discontent.
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How successfully did the PG deal with national minority demands?
Not successful - Moderate Socialists made concessions to Ukraine's self-governance, which caused major conflict with liberals who wanted a united Russia.
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How successfully did the PG deal with the economic situation?
Not successful - Resources had to be channelled to the army, but could not leave war due to financial backing by France. Grain prices increased, and punishment brigades were sent out to requisition grain. This caused growing class antagonism, riots
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What were the July Days?
Spontaneous protests, fuelled by the Bolsheviks. They were put down and Lenin was forced into hiding with many Bolsheviks arrested.
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Why did the Bolsheviks's fail to direct the July Days into a coup d'etat?
Not fully committed, so failed to provide actual direction for protestors. Lenin's hesitant policy failed to continue the uprising's momentum. PG and Soviet united and portrayed Lenin as a German weapon.
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What was the Kornilov affair?
A failed coup by General Lavr Kornilov - there is some controversy over Kerensky's involvement, damaging his reputation.
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What were Kerensky's main successes as Prime Minister?
Had a quick and popular rise to power, endorsed by an informal question of consent to the public. He was a good social reformer and was an excellent orator.
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What were Kerensky's main failures as Prime Minister?
Considered vain and self-important, he kept the Winter Palace servants and used the Tsar's rooms. He also revived some Tsarist practices, such as the appointment of Kornilov to bring back order. His unwillingness for a treaty (Kerensky Offensive).
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Did the actions of Kerensky help the Bolsheviks seize power?
Yes - by sending radical army units out of Petrograd, and closing down Bolshevik newspapers (and restricting MRC), he created rumours that he was abandoning Petrograd. He gave a repressive Tsarist impression.
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How did the Bolsheviks seize power on th 25th October?
During the night, units of the Red Guard seized important infrastructure, telephone exchange, railway stations and power stations. The Bolsheviks easily infiltrated the Winter Palace and arrested the remaining government.
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Was the October Revolution a popular revolution or a coup d'etat?
Mostly a coup d'etat but it required popular support to remain in power, as shown by the votes in October.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Who was Prince Lvov?

Back

A wealthy landowner, who became the 1st Prime Minister of the PG. He quickly grew frustrated by the conflicting Liberals and Socialists within the government (argued over Ukranian independence and military strikes).

Card 3

Front

Who was Pavel Milyukov?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Who was Alexander Kerensky?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Who was Viktor Chernov?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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