, a carboxyl group (-COOH),an amino group (-NH2) and a carbon containing R group (also known as a variable side group) attached to a carbon group.
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Glycine's R group consists of
just one hydrogen atom.
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All living things contain a bank of 20 different amino acids the only difference
being the carbon containing R group.
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Dipeptides and polypeptides are formed by
condensation reactions,
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What is a primary level?
This is the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain, which is determined by DNA.
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What bonds form the primary level?
peptide
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What is a secondary level?
The polypeptide chain doesn’t remain flat and straight, hydrogen bonds form between amino acids in the chain , this means they either coil into an alpha helix or fold into a beta pleated sheet
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What bonds form the secondary level?
Contain both peptide and hydrogen bonds.
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Is the secondary level the last ?
some proteins don't fold further than this , one example being fibrous proteins e.g keratin, also silk is a beta pleated sheet
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what is the tertiary structure?
The coiled secondary structure is often folded even further, more bonds form between the different parts of the polypeptide chains.t is globular, folds over itself , the way it folds is determined by the amino acid structure
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How does the way tertiary folds mean that it can travel easily?
The way it folds means the soluble bits fold into the structure so that the hydrophobic parts can go on the outside, this means they can travel.
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What bonds form in tertiary structures?
The bonds involved are disulphide bridges , peptide bonds, hydrogen bonds , ionic bridges, ionic bonds , and intermolecular bonds.
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Is the tertiary level the last ?
For proteins that only have on polypeptide chain this is the final level.
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Examples of tertiary ?
enzymes and antibodies
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What is a Quaternary structure?
These are 2 or more polypeptide chains associated, They come together and make a functioning molecule
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Disulphide bridges?
Disuphide bridge : There are disulphide bridges which form two molecules of the cysteine amino acid come close together, the Sulphur atom in each cysteine bond. Can't be changed by heat or pH.
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Intermolecular?
Weak bonds that can be easily broken , heat can change but not necessarily pH.
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In an amino acid what is the simplest form of R?
Glycine (H)
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In an amino acid what is the the part which gives basic properties?
The amine group
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describe how you would test a solution to see if it contained a protein
add sodium hydroxide + biruet , goes lilac
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
A protein is one or more
Back
polypeptides.
Card 3
Front
All amino acids have the same structure
Back
Card 4
Front
Glycine's R group consists of
Back
Card 5
Front
All living things contain a bank of 20 different amino acids the only difference
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