Properties and materials testing

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Mechanical properties
Properties that determine how a material reacts to external forces
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Plasticity
The ability of materials to be permanently changed in shape, e.g. Polymers
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MAlleability
Can be deformed by compression (eg. hammering) before showing signs of cracking; e.g. copper bowl
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Ductility
Can be drawn out under tension before fracturing (e.g. deep drawing). E.g. aluminium can
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Elasticity
The ability to stretch and bend before returning to its normal shape and size when forces are removed. E.g. Liquid silicon rubber teat
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Toughness
The ability to withstand sudden impact or bending without fracture. E.g. tough-copper wire, brittle-high carbon steel or glass
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Hardness
The ability to withstand abrasive wear and indentation or deformation, hardness leads to brittleness. E.g. diamond, die steel drill bits
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Durability
The ability to withstood wear, tear, weathering and deterioration through corrosion, decay and degrading. E.g. kevlar protective pads
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Stability
The ability to resist change in size and shape due to environment, warping in wood and gradual extension in metals and polymers. E.g. MDF
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Strength
The ability to withstand force without breaking or permanently bending or deforming
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Tensile strength
Ability to resist stretching, e.g. reinforced bars-rebar-reinforced concrete beams.
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Compressive strength
Ability to resist pushing, e.g. mass concrete foundation slab
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Bending strength
Ability to resist bending, e.g. Wood
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Shear strength
Ability to resist sliding forces acting against each other, E.g. Concrete
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Torsional strength
Ability to resist twisting, e.g. glass or concrete
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Physical properties
Properties that refer to actual matter that forms the material
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Fusibility
The ability to change into a softened, molten or liquid state when heated, e.g. themoplastics
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Density
How closely packed the material is, its relative mass per unit volume, e.g. HIPS-expanded PS
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Electrical conductivity
Offers very low resistance to the low of electric current, e.g. metals-silver, copper, gold
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Electrical insulators
Offers very high resistance to the flow of electric current, e.g. ceramics, glass, nylon, PVC
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Semi-cunductors
Offers various levels of conductivity under specific conditions, e.g. LEDS
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Thermal properties
A material's reaction to heat
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Thermal conductivity
High flow of heat through material, e.g. Metals-copper, aluminum
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Thermal insulator
Low flow of heat through a material, e.g. wood or polymer handles
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Thermal expansion
How a material expands with heat and contracts when cold, e.g. thermostats
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Optical properties
Opaque (no light), translucent (some light) and transparent (all light passes through)
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Magnetism
The ability of being magnetized or attracted by a magnet, e.g steel, but not mild steel or stainless steel
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Workshop testing
Identifying materials by their appearance, e.g by their density, colour and shine (or how the light reacts with them)
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

The ability of materials to be permanently changed in shape, e.g. Polymers

Back

Plasticity

Card 3

Front

Can be deformed by compression (eg. hammering) before showing signs of cracking; e.g. copper bowl

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Can be drawn out under tension before fracturing (e.g. deep drawing). E.g. aluminium can

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

The ability to stretch and bend before returning to its normal shape and size when forces are removed. E.g. Liquid silicon rubber teat

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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