Prohibition

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  • Created by: Jess
  • Created on: 14-05-14 19:55
What number amendment to the constitution was prohibition?
The 18th Amendment
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Define prohibition
The banning of the making, distributing and selling of alcohol
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What was it technically legal to do?
Buy and drink alcohol
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What date was the 18th Amendment?
1917
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What/When was the Volstead Act?
1919 - said that any drink of 0.5% was alcoholic and therefore banned
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When was prohibition ratified?
1920
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How many states had to ratify prohibition for it to be in force across America?
2/3
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When was prohibition repealed?
1933
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What did prohibition go against?
Laissez faire - governement is now intervening in the economy (alcohol is 7th biggest industry)
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List the reasons why prohibition was introduced
Campaign goes back to 18th century, lots of states already banned it, wanted by industrialists and employers, the war and the fact that drinking was seen as an immigrant activity
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Name 3 famous groups trying to introduce prohibition
Anti-Saloon League / Women's Christian Temperance Union / The Progressives
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Why was drinking supposedly bad?
Un-American, immoral, bad for your health, breaks up families
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How many states were dry by 1917?
23
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Who/When was the first state dry?
Kansas in 1870
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Name 3 industrialists what wanted prohibition
Ford, Rockefeller and Heinz
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Why did employers/industrialists support prohibition?
So workers wouldn't be late, inefficient, accident-prone or hungover and would produce more
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Name 3 big German brewers
Budweiser, Coors and Pabst
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Why did the war help to introduce prohibition?
Could use the yeast from alcohol to make more food (bread) and the biggest brewers were German so to buy alcohol was to support the enemy
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What/When was the Lever Act?
1917 - Banned the use of wheat to produce alcohol
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In which 2 cultures was drinking very popular?
Irish and Italian
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In terms of drinking being seen as an immigrant activity, what did some people describe prohibition as?
An attempt to control the immigrant community
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How many agents enforced prohibition?
3000
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How much were the prohibition agents paid?
$2500
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How much was made per year by doctors selling alcohol prescriptions?
$4 million
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How many miles of coastline in the US is there?
18'700
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What substances were found in alcohol when it was tested?
Soap, sulphuric acid
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How many places were there that you could buy a drink in 1 block in Manhattan?
32
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What was Al Capone's annual profit?
$60 million
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How much did Al Capone leave when he went to prison?
$27 million
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Why did Al Capone go to prison?
For tax evasion - not even bootlegging!
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List the reasons why prohibition lasted so long
People benefitted financially, could get drinks anyway, more sober workers, the law actually worked in some places, embarrassing for Reps to repeal their own law, no economic reason until Dep., other industries doing well, takes time to repeal a la
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Why does it take a long time to repeal a law?
Needs the ratification of 2/3 of states
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Where did prohibition work?
South, rural areas
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How much alcohol (as a percentage) was stopped from entering the US?
5%
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List the reasons why prohibition ended
The Depression / political parties / pressure / Wickersham Report / legality of it / it wasn't working
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How many people were unemployed in 1932?
13-17 million
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Legality would create how many jobs?
1 million
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Prohibition was the _th biggest industry
7th
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Why did Roosevelt help stop prohibition?
Repeal was part of his campaign, and it was one of the first things he did in office
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Why did politics influence the repeal of the prohibition law?
Because by 1932, both Republicans and Democrats were against it
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What does the AAPA stand for?
Association Against the Prohibition Amendment
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What famous individual turned against prohibition?
Rockefeller
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What happened to organisations to make them able to pressurise the government to repeal the prohibition law?
They became stronger and more organised, they were financially backed, they only voted for wets, had influence of Rockefeller
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How did the fact that drinking was part of city culture influence the government to repeal the prohibition law?
There was migration from north to south to the cities
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When was the Wickersham Commission established?
1929
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When was the Wickersham Report?
1931
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How long did the Wickersham Commission spend studying prohibition?
18 months
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What was the conclusion of the Wickersham Report?
That prohibition wasn't working but should continue anyway
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What 4 things was prohibition against?
Laissez faire, Bill of Rights, individual liberties and immigrants (seen as a racist law)
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What is a quote from Al Capone?
"I'm supplying public demand"
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How many murders were there in Chicago?
550
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Which 3 (groups of) individuals were corrupt?
Doctors, politicians and agents
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Name 2 geographical reasons why prohibition wasn't working
Impossible to control all 18'700 miles of coastline / Mexico and Canada smugglings
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Why wasn't prohibition "working"?
Led to organised crime / corruption / geographically impossible / Moonshine grown at home / technically not illegal to drink and buy
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What 2 simple facts are evidence that prohibition wasn't a total failure?
It did last 13 years and was carried on afterwards in some places
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In which 2 places were there less alcohol-related injuries because of prohibition?
On the roads / in the work place
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What was the overall alcohol consumption?
2.6 to 1 gallon per person per year
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What did coca cola become known as?
The Grand Temperance Drink
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List the successes of prohibition
Worked in some places, less injuries, overall consumption down, soft drinks industry, less drunken arrests
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How much money did John Torrio retire with?
$27 million
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Which other violent individual can you talk about other than Al Capone?
John Torrio
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How many were killed in the Valentine's Day Massacre?
7
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Name 3 (groups of) individuals who opposed prohibition by the end
Rockefeller, women and the AAPA
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Which President was corrupt and why?
Harding - because he had drinking parties in the White House
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How many more (as a %) alcohol-related deaths were there in Chicago?
Was up 600%
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Where in particular was prohibition widely ignored?
In the cities
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Name 4 economical reasons why prohibition ended
7 biggest industry, Depression, loss of 1 million jobs loss of tax revenues
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Define prohibition

Back

The banning of the making, distributing and selling of alcohol

Card 3

Front

What was it technically legal to do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What date was the 18th Amendment?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What/When was the Volstead Act?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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