Instrumental power (state/law), personal power (job/occupation), political power (law), social group power (friends + family, social class, age, gender), influential (persuasive, make us act)
1 of 13
Coulthard + Sinclar (1975, 1992)
IRF model - initiation, response, feedback
2 of 13
Goffman
Politeness strategies - face (self-esteem/emotional needs), positive face (need to be wanted/liked), negative face (freedom of thought, not imposed on), face-threatening (act that threatens pos/neg. face needs (modal verbs, eye contact)
3 of 13
Dyer
Advert, invite audience
4 of 13
Fairclough (2001)
Relationship between producer and receiver, synthetic personalisation, modals, epistemic modality, deontic modality (need/obligation), ideology ALSO interactions are unequal encounters, stereotypes can influence (play on them)
5 of 13
Paul Grice
Co-operation is norm but don't have to follow (show power)
6 of 13
Lakoff (1975)
Women use hedges and fillers, apologetic + indirect requests, tag questions, intensifiers, speak less, fewer expletives = indecisive, needy, weak
7 of 13
Trudgill (1983)
Women's RP more prestigious
8 of 13
Cheshire (1982)
Teenagers use more non-standard
9 of 13
O'Barr + Atkins
Men and women use same language, main difference is lower class - they feel powerless
10 of 13
Zimmerman + West
Dominance model (men dominate conversations)
11 of 13
Tannen
Men = social status and independence, direct orders, interest in factual info Women = interest in forming bonds, polite, indirect, understand, support
12 of 13
Cameron (2007)
Biased, differences actually quite small should focus on similarities
13 of 13
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
IRF model - initiation, response, feedback
Back
Coulthard + Sinclar (1975, 1992)
Card 3
Front
Politeness strategies - face (self-esteem/emotional needs), positive face (need to be wanted/liked), negative face (freedom of thought, not imposed on), face-threatening (act that threatens pos/neg. face needs (modal verbs, eye contact)
Back
Card 4
Front
Advert, invite audience
Back
Card 5
Front
Relationship between producer and receiver, synthetic personalisation, modals, epistemic modality, deontic modality (need/obligation), ideology ALSO interactions are unequal encounters, stereotypes can influence (play on them)
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