Plant Cell Structure

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  • Created by: LucySPG
  • Created on: 01-06-13 13:50
What type of cells are plant cells?
Eukaryotic
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What is the function of a leaf palisade cell?
To carry out photosynthesis
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What are the three main features of a leaf palisade cell?
Long, thin cells, chloroplasts and a large vacuole
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What is the purpose of long, thin cells?
To form a continuous layer to absorb sunlight
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What is the function of the chloroplasts?
Numerous chloroplasts arrange themselves in the best position to collect the maximum amount of light
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What is the function of the vacuole?
Pushes the cytoplasm and chloroplasts to the edge of the cell. This allows the chloroplasts to be closest to the light
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What is a chloroplast?
A chloroplast is a double membraned organelle. They vary in shape and size but are typically disc-shaped.
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What are the four main features of a chloroplast?
Chloroplast envelope, grana, thylakoids and stroma
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What is the function of the chloroplast envelope?
A double plasma membrane. Surrounds the organelle. Highly selective in what it allows to enter and leave the chloroplast.
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What is the function of thylakoids?
Disc like structures. Contain the pigment chlorophyll. Some have tubular extensions that join up with thylakoids in adjacent grana.
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What is the function of the grana?
Stacks of up to 100 thylakoids. The first stage of photosynthesis takes place here
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What is the function of the stroma?
Fluid-filled matrix.The second stage of photosynthesis takes place here. Within the stroma are a number of other structures, such as starch grains
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What are the three features of chloroplasts to harvest sunlight and carry out photosynthesis?
Granal membranes, fluid of the stroma and DNA and ribosomes
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Explain the function of granal membranes
Granal membranes provide a large surface area for the attatchment of chlorophyll, electron carriers and enzymes that carry out the first stage of photosynthesis. These chemicals are attached to the membrane in a highly ordered fashion
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Explain the function of the fluid of the stroma
Possesses all the enzymes needed to carry out the second stage of photosynthesis
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Explain the function of DNA and ribosomes
Chloroplasts contain DNA and ribosomes so they can quickly and easily manufacture some of the proteins needed for photosynthesis
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What does the cell wall consist of?
The cell wall consists of microfibrils of the polysaccharide cellulose, embedded in a matrix
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What are the two features of a cell wall?
Polysaccharides and middle lamellae
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What is the function of polysaccharides?
They consist of a number of polysaccharides, such as cellulose
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What is the function of the middle lamellae?
There is a thin layer called the middle lamella, which marks the boundary between adjacent cell walls and cements adjacent cells together
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Name one function of the cellulose wall
To provide mechanical strength to prevent the cell bursting under the pressure created by osmotic entry of water. To give mechanical strength to the plant as a whole
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Name another function of the cellulose wall
To allow water to pass along it and so contribute to the movement of water through the plant
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What is a root hair cell?
A root hair cell is a specialised plant cell. Each root hair is an extension of a root epidermal cell.
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What is their function?
Root hairs are the exchange surfaces in plants that are responsible for the absorption of water and mineral ions.
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How do root hair cells absorb water?
By osmosis
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What is the water potential in the soil like?
High water potential
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What is the water potential in the root hair cell like?
Low water potential
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How do minerals and ions move from the soil into the root hair cell?
By active transport
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How is this achieved?
Using carrier proteins that require ATP
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What are xylem vessels?
The structures through which the vast majority of water is transported.
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What type of walls do xylem vessels have?
Thick cell walls
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What happens to the cell walls as the xylem vessels mature?
As they mature, their walls incorporate a substance called lignin and the cells die. The lignin makes the cell wall impermeable so they are in effect waterproof. It also makes the vessels extremely strong and prevents them from collapsing.
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What does the lignin form?
The lignin often forms rings or spirals around the vessel.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the function of a leaf palisade cell?

Back

To carry out photosynthesis

Card 3

Front

What are the three main features of a leaf palisade cell?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the purpose of long, thin cells?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the function of the chloroplasts?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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