Plant Tissues and Diseases

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What is the word and symbol equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide + Water -> Oxygen + Glucose
6CO2 + 6H2O -> 6O2 + C6H12O6
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Why is photosynthesis important?
It produces glucose which acts as fuel for respiration in the plant. It makes oxygen that other living organisms can utilise for aerobic respiration.
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How can farmers control conditions for photosynthesis?
Artificial lighting, heating systems, mineral rich soil, greenhouse use
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How do plants use glucose?
Glucose is produced by photosynthesis and fuels the plants growth and production of fruit and flowers. It pairs with oxygen in respiration to release energy. It is stored as starch and cellulose.
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How is light intensity linked to distance in photosynthesis?
The closer the light source is to the plant, the greater the light intensity is.
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Measuring the effect of light intensity on pondweed (RP)
- Place some pondweed into a test tube
- Place a source of white light at a specific distance from the sample
- Leave it to photosynthesise for a set amount of time and allow any oxygen released to be collected in a capillary tube
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Measuring the effect of light intensity on pondweed (RP)
- Use a syringe to draw the gas bubble from the tube up alongside a ruler
- The length of the gas bubble is measured, proportional to the volume of O2 produced
- Repeat twice with the light source at the same distance
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Measuring the effect of light intensity on pondweed (RP)
- Repeat in its entirety with different distances
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How do you interpret a light intensity limiting factor graph, or a CO2 concentration limiting factor graph?
Both light and CO2 levels act as the limiting factors on the curve. When they plateau, another limiting factor overtakes.
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How do you interpret temperature as a limiting factor on a graph?
On an upward curve temperature is the limiting factor as the enzymes are working slowly. It peaks at the optimum and on the downward curve (at the axis) the enzymes have denatured.
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From top to bottom, how do you label a leaf cross section?
Waxy cuticle, upper epidermis, palisade layer, spongy mesophyll layer, lower epidermis, stomata, guard cells
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Waxy cuticle function
Prevents evaporation of water from leaf
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Epidermis function
Protects plant tissues
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Palisade layer function
Contains chlorophyll and chloroplasts for light absorption and photosynthesis
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Spongy mesophyll layer
Air gaps for gaseous exchange - CO2 for photosynthesis in, waste O2 out
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Stomata and guard cell function
The stoma open and close for gaseous exchange and transpiration. The guard cells control how open the stomata are depending on their turgidity
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How do root hair cells take up water and mineral ions?
They are long and thin so they can penetrate between soil particles and they have a large surface area for absorption of water by osmosis. Mineral ions are absorbed by active transport.
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What does xylem tissue do and what is it made of?
It transports water from the roots to the stems and leaves up the transpiration stream. It consists of elongated dead cells and lignin.
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What does phloem tissue do and what is it made of?
It transports dissolved sugars up and down the plant (translocation). It is made from elongated living cells
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What is transpiration?
The evaporation and diffusion of water from a plant's surface
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What is the transpiration stream?
Water moving through the in a continuous stream of root → stem → leaf
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What is translocation?
The movement of dissolved sugars up and down the plant
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What does phloem have that xylem doesn't?
Cytoplasm
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What are meristems?
Unspecialised cells in plant tissues found in roots and shoots
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Effects on transpiration:
The brighter the light, the..
The warmer the temperature, the..
The stronger the wind, the..
The higher the humidity, the..
greater the transpiration
faster the transpiration
greater the transpiration
slower the transpiration
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Plant disease symptoms include..
Stunted growth, spots on leaves, patches of decay, abnormal growths, malformed stems and leaves, pests and discolouration
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Plant diseases can be identified by
a gardening manual/website, a lab visit or a monoclonal antibody test kit
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Symptoms of a nitrate deficiency include..
Stunted growth (because nitrates produce proteins)
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Symptoms of a magnesium deficiency include
Chlorosis and stunted growth (because magnesium produces chlorophyll)
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Physical plant defences include
Waxy cuticle
Cell walls (cellulose)
Layers of dead cells around stems
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Chemical plant defences include
Antibacterial chemical production
Poisons
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Mechanical plant defences include
Thorns and hairs
Leaves that droop or curl when touched
Mimicry
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A viral plant disease is..
A pest that infests plants is..
A fungal plant disease is..
TMV
Aphids
Rose black spot
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

It produces glucose which acts as fuel for respiration in the plant. It makes oxygen that other living organisms can utilise for aerobic respiration.

Back

Why is photosynthesis important?

Card 3

Front

Artificial lighting, heating systems, mineral rich soil, greenhouse use

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Glucose is produced by photosynthesis and fuels the plants growth and production of fruit and flowers. It pairs with oxygen in respiration to release energy. It is stored as starch and cellulose.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

The closer the light source is to the plant, the greater the light intensity is.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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