For an area to be arid what is the maximum amount of rainfall it must get
250mm
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What type of rainfall is more effective... winter or summer
winter
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what are the characteristics of a semi arid area?
rainfall - 250-500mm temperature 10-23 degrees
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what is suspension
fine dust carried by the wind.
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What is Saltation
sand bouncing along the surface of the ground
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what is surface creep
material rolling along the ground
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what is this... Water or liquid gets into cracks in the rock when the temperature decreases the water freezes and expands by around 10% this process is repeated and the rock begins to crack
Freeze Thaw
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What is this... high temperatures cause for all moisture to be drawn out of the rock including salt, this dries out and crystals form causing crack to form and the rock begins to disintegrate
Salt Crystal weathering
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What is this... high temperatures cause for the rocks to expand during the day and low temperature in the evening cause it to shrink meaning layers peal off.
Isolation (onion skin weathering)
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What is this... repeated change in the temperature and weathering can cause for break down to occur
Wetting and drying
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What is Deflation
The entrainment and removal of loose material by the wind
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What is Abrasion
Wind blown particles crashing into the rock
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What is biological weathering
plants breaking down the rocks
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What type of plant is this... Remain as seeds, only germinate during rain, small shallow roots.
Ephemerals (Verbena)
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What type of plant is this... Swollen stems, small Leafs, thick cuticles, sunken stomata
Xerophytes (Creosote Bush)
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What type of plant is this... stores water, closed stomata during the day, spikes for protection
Succulents (Cacti)
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What type of plant is this... Long roots, grows by salt pans
Phreatophytes (Mesquite)
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What is this type of plant... Grows in salt pans, secretes salt onto leaves
Halophytes (Prickle Weed)
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what animal... cools exhale in nasal passage, gets its water from food and licks fur to keep cool
Kangaroo Rat
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What animal... Has large ears, gets moisture from its pray, has highly concentrated urine and has light coloured fur.
Fennec Fox
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What animal... eats its own poo, has fur covered feet, live in shallow burrows
Jack Rabbit
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What animal... has a large fat hump, large water supply, large padded feet, hard mouth meaning it can eat cactus
Camel
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What type of rainfall is more effective... winter or summer
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