A condition where a layer of soil, sediment or rock below the ground remains frozen for a period greater than a year
Permafrost
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This type of ground ice develops in the pore spaces between soil and sediment particles where liquid water can accumulate and freeze
Pore Ice
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Consists of groups of narrow ice slivers that are up to several centimetres long.
Needle Ice
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Bodies of ice formed when moisture, mixed within soil or rock accumulates in a localised zone.
Ice Lense
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Downward narrowing masses of ice that are between 2 to 3 meters wide at the surface and extend below the ground surface up to 10 meters
Ice Wedges
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The surface of periglacial areas is often characteristed by the presence of ground materials arranged in a variety of symmetrical, geometric shapes
Patterned ground
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Ice-cored hills with a height between 3 to 70 meters and a diameter between 30 to 1000 meters
Pingos
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An area of unfrozen ground surrounded by permafrost
Talik
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The pressure exerted when ice expands
Cryostatic pressure
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Where water is confined within the ground underneath an impermeable geology layer which due to high pressure, will rise to the surface where possible.
Artesian groundwater flow
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A land surface characterised by very irregular surfaces of marshy hollows and small hummocks formed as permafrost thaws.
Thermokarst
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A body of freshwater, usually shallow, that is formed in a depression by melt water from thawing permafrost
Thermokarst lake
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First stage of a cirque formation
Nivation hollows
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A surface covered by block-sized angular rocks.
Blockfield
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Debris resulted from freeze-thaw
Scree
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A collection of debris at the bottom of a cliff similar to a scree slope however it is formed when there is ice on the cliff which makes the rocks deposit further away from the cliff. when the ice melts, a lip of debris is formed.
Protalus rampart
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Soil flow - moves on average between 5-100 cm per year
Solifluction
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Materials that has been weathered and then subject to mass movement downslope by solifluction are sometimes referred to as:
Head deposits
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When individual soil particles move downslope
Soil creep
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A ridge on a hillside formed when saturated soil particles expand, then contract as they dry causing them to move slowly downslope
Terracettes
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As glaciers melted, meltwater carved out valleys.
Dry Valleys
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Fine glacially ground flour-like silt and clay, very susceptible to wind action
Loess
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
This type of ground ice develops in the pore spaces between soil and sediment particles where liquid water can accumulate and freeze
Back
Pore Ice
Card 3
Front
Consists of groups of narrow ice slivers that are up to several centimetres long.
Back
Card 4
Front
Bodies of ice formed when moisture, mixed within soil or rock accumulates in a localised zone.
Back
Card 5
Front
Downward narrowing masses of ice that are between 2 to 3 meters wide at the surface and extend below the ground surface up to 10 meters
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