Peel and the Conservative Party, 1832-46
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- Created by: On_to_good_things
- Created on: 11-06-17 19:18
Name 3 problems with the Tory party
The party was divided, the mood of the country was for change but the bulk of Tories opposed it, the reform proposals would have ended a lot of Tory control of rotten boroughs
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What would happen if Peel opposed Parliamentary reform?
he would have been going against significant support for Parliamentary reform
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What would happen in Peel supported Parliamentary reform?
It would put a barrier between him and Wellington and many others in the party
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How did Peel compromise?
He opposed it but did not form a government that would abandon it, and refused to condemn reform but was not eager to be seen supporting it
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When was the Carlton Club set up and what did it do?
Set up in 1832, sent out info about policies to MPs and candidates
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Who went along with Peel's decisions but was unhappy?
Wellington
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In which year did Peel lead his party to victory in the general election?
1841
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What led to little consultation within the party?
Peel's belief that he was right
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Which of Peel's decisions was very unpopular?
His decision to repeal the Corn Laws
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What did the Whig government break up over?
A plan to abolish some churches and take their revenue to improve conditions for the people (4 Whigs resigned, King disapproved, Grey resigned, Chancellor of the Exchequer resigned)
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Why did Peel win 100 more seats in 1835 than in 1832?
He reassured that he wouldn't oppose reforming measures
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How did Peel win a majority?
By making a pact with the Irish MPs
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How had Peel changed the Conservative party?
It was now an independent party which was prepared to accept change
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What did Peel struggle to balance?
The need for reform and the support of his party
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Name 3 financial or economic problems, 1841-46
A budget deficit of £1.8 million, Economic downturn: more support for Chartism and middle class agitation for the end of the Corn laws
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What did Peel reintroduce to pay for short term loans?
Income tax
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How was this better than indirect tax?
It didn't fall on the poorest in society so it wasn't criticized
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Name 3 positives of 1844
Upturned economy, better harvests, boom in railway
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What had the deficit turned into by 1845?
A surplus of £3.4 million
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How many items were now free of duty?
430
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Which other duty was reduced?
Sugar duty
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What was Peel's key aim?
Increased trade
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What did the Bank Charter Act do?
Prevented the circulation of excessive paper money (no other Bank could circulate money except the Bank of England)
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When was the railway boom?
1844-46
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What did Peel's policies reflect?
That the economic balance had shifted from agriculture to industry
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Which issue represented the difference between middle class Britain and the old Britain focused on land?
The Corn Laws
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When was the Anti-Corn Law League established?
1839
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Where were the most significant Anti-Corn Law League groups? (4)
Manchester, Leeds, Leicester and Carlisle
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Who was the dominant personality within the Anti-Corn Law League?
Richard Cobden
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Name 2 of the Anti-Corn Law League's arguments
Corn Law went against idea of free trade, only benefited select few, prevented the importation of cheap corn in times of hardship (Irish famine)
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Give 2 reasons why the views of the Anti-Corn Law League were not justified
Laws had been amended, corn form further afield was more expensive to import, fear that low bread prices would encourage employers to cut wages
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Name 3 things that the League did
Raised money from middle class supporters, sent out lecturers/speakers, campaigned to get sympathetic MPs elected, Meetings attracted large audiences,
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How much of the League's money went to buying property to qualify for a vote?
About £250 million
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Name 3 reasons the league could be considered unsuccessful
Didn't make much appeal to the politically powerful landed interest, working classes remained suspicious of middle class protest groups, Peel was enthusiastic about free trade anyway
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What was Peel accused of when he repealed the Corn Laws in 1846?
Giving in to the pressures of the League
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When was there a potato blight in Europe?
1845
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What percentage of the crop failed (in Ireland?)?
50%
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Name 4 reasons why Peel repealed the Corn Law
He was the former chief secretary of Ireland, he admitted Cobden's arguments had influenced him, in 1845 the Whigs came out in support of repeal, Peel had been a supporter of free trade, believed PM should act on what they thought was right
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Why did Peel resign in 1846?
his motion to increase police power in Ireland following the unrest caused by famine caused him to lose the support of his party
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What actually ended his career rather than the policy?
resentment caused by the repeal of the Corn Laws
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Name 4 divisions that had been present in the party prior to the Corn Laws
Peel's style of leadership was resented, older rural Britain felt sidelined, criticized for the lack of support he gave the church; his economic, financial and social policies didn't win the hearts of MPs even though they were necessary
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What would happen if Peel opposed Parliamentary reform?
Back
he would have been going against significant support for Parliamentary reform
Card 3
Front
What would happen in Peel supported Parliamentary reform?
Back
Card 4
Front
How did Peel compromise?
Back
Card 5
Front
When was the Carlton Club set up and what did it do?
Back
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