Paper Two - Elizabethan England 1558-1603

?
What was the reformation?
A movement started by Martin Luther which split the Church into Protestant and Catholic
1 of 130
What is a Protestant?
A Christian who did not follow the ideas of the Pope and believed in plain, simple churches with the bible in English
2 of 130
What is a Catholic?
A Christian who followed the teachings of the Pope and believed in elaborate churches with the bible in Latin
3 of 130
What were Elizabeth's 6 main problems when she became Queen?
She was a woman, young and unexperienced, England were at war with France and had no allies, religion, no heir or marriage, seen as illegitimate by some
4 of 130
What was the Royal Court?
Ran by the Lord Chamberlain, carried her belongings and escorted her when she went away on progresses
5 of 130
What was a Progress?
They were usually held in summertime and the Queen visited other places in England, escorted by her Royal Court
6 of 130
What was Parliament?
They were called to make new laws or change taxes, Elizabeth saw them as an 'inconveniant necessity'
7 of 130
What was the Privy Council?
They were the Queen's advisors but she did not have to listen to their advice
8 of 130
What was Patronage?
Where the Queen showed favouritism and gave particular men new jobs, roles, money and monopolies
9 of 130
What were Lord Lieutenants and JPs?
They settled disputes, collected taxes and enforced laws
10 of 130
Who was Francis Walsingham?
He was the Queen's Secretary of State, was known as her spymaster and uncovered Mary Queen of Scots' plan to kill Elizabeth
11 of 130
Who was William Cecil?
He was the chief advisor of the Queen and had a very close relationship with Elizabeth
12 of 130
What were 3 advantages of Elizabeth marrying?
She would be producing an heir, getting rid of pressure from Parliament and improving the wealth of England
13 of 130
What were 3 disadvantages of Elizabeth marrying?
She would be sharing power, she would be dominant as Queen but submissive as a wife and she did not personally want to marry
14 of 130
Who were the 3 suitors presented to Elizabeth?
Duke of Anjou and Alencon, King Philip II and Robert Dudley (Earl of Leicester)
15 of 130
What was a monopoly?
A royal license giving an individual sole right to sell or make a product, leading to their profit and often leading to higher prices
16 of 130
What was a burgess?
An inhabitant of a town or borough who represented that place as a Member of Parliament
17 of 130
What was a Puritan?
A very strict Protestant
18 of 130
How many times did Elizabeth and Parliament meet?
13
19 of 130
How many times did Elizabeth and Parliament meet to discuss taxes?
11
20 of 130
What did Elizabeth refer to Parliament as?
'An inconveniant necessity'
21 of 130
When did Elizabeth and Parliament first meet and what was the purpose of this?
They first met in 1559 to officially convert England to Protestantism
22 of 130
What did Elizabeth do in 1965 to Parliament?
She banned them from discussing her marriage
23 of 130
Who was the Duke of Norfolk?
He was Elizabeth's second cousin and wanted to marry Mary Queen of Scots
24 of 130
Who was the Earl of Northumberland?
He was a Catholic but was treated well by Elizabeth
25 of 130
Who was the Earl of Westmorland?
A Catholic who lost influence when Elizabeth was crowned but he kept power in the North
26 of 130
Who was Roberto Ridolfi?
A Catholic banker from Italy who sent money to support Catholic rebels in England
27 of 130
Why did the Duke of Norfolk want to overthrow Elizabeth?
He resented William Cecil and Robert Dudley's power
28 of 130
What happened in the Northern Rebellion?
5000 rebels moved the North, held illegal mass at Durham Cathedral then continued to head South
29 of 130
Why did the Northern Rebellion fail?
International help never came and the royal army defeated the rebels
30 of 130
What happened to the rebels after the Northern rebellion?
Around 450 rebels were executed, Westmorland fled to France and lived a life of poverty, Northumberland was caught and executed, and Norfolk was impisoned in the Tower of London for 10 months
31 of 130
What year was the Northern Rebellion?
1569
32 of 130
Why did the Catholics want to overthrow Elizabeth at the Ridolfi Plot?
Because the Pope had excommunicated Elizabeth from the Catholic Church
33 of 130
What happened in the Ridolfi Plot?
6000 Spanish troops came to England to assassinate Elizabeth and replace her with Mary
34 of 130
Why did the Ridolfi Plot fail?
Elizabeth's intelligence network uncovered the plot
35 of 130
What happened to the rebels after the Ridolfi Plot?
Norfolk was executed for treason
36 of 130
What year was the Ridolfi Plot?
1571
37 of 130
Who was the Earl of Essex?
Robert Devereux, he had a monopoly in sweet wine, married without the Queen's permission and repeatedly had heated arguments with her
38 of 130
What did the Earl of Essex do to Elizabeth that caused their relationship to deteriorate?
He almost drew his sword to Elizabeth, he insulted her on several occassions, he burst into her bed chambers whilst she was not fit to be seen and he ignored her orders when dealing with Ireland
39 of 130
What happened in the Essex Rebellion?
Essex, and his 300 followers, took 4 Privy Councillors hostage. Robert Cecil called Essex a traitor, and some of the followers let the Councillors free. Essex was put in jail, and he released his sister's name in exchange for a private executio
40 of 130
What were Essex's failures in the Essex Rebellion?
He did not know what his next plan was and he left the hostages with disloyal followers
41 of 130
What was Elizabeth's strength in the Essex Rebellion?
Robert Cecil threatened the rebels, branding them traitors and accusing them of traitors, scaring them into releasing the hostages
42 of 130
What was the name of the social hierarchy?
The Great Chain of Being
43 of 130
Who made up the Nobility?
Earls, Dukes and Barons
44 of 130
Who made up the Gentry?
Wealthy land owners
45 of 130
Why did the Gentry grow?
There was a suspicion of the old Nobility, the dissolution of the monastries by Henry VIII and increasing wealth
46 of 130
Why did the Gentry have more power than the Nobility despite being below them in the hierarchy?
Many of Elizabeth's personal favourite advisors, like Walsingham and Cecil, were a part of the Gentry
47 of 130
What laws controlled what clothes people could wear based on their social status, and when were they passed?
The Sumptuary Laws called the Statutes of Apparel and they were passed in 1574
48 of 130
What did Gentry class men wear?
A doublet, stockings, a trunk-hose and a colourful velvet jacket
49 of 130
What did Gentry class women wear?
A farthingale, a ruff, an over-gown, an under-gown and a gown
50 of 130
Who attended the theatre in Elizabethan England?
Everyone except for Puritans
51 of 130
Name 3 famous playwrights
William Shakespeare, Ben Jonson and Christopher Marlowe
52 of 130
What is the Globe and where was it?
It was Shakespeare's theatre wand was on the South bank of the Thames
53 of 130
What were theatres required to have by law?
A license signed by a member of the aristocracy
54 of 130
Who was Richard Burbage?
One of the most famous actors of the time
55 of 130
What roles did Richard Burbage play?
Romeo, Hamlet, King Lear and more
56 of 130
Why did the Puritans not like the theatre?
It encouraged prostitution, crime and people spent more time away from the Church
57 of 130
What theatre did Burbage build and when?
The Theatre in 1576
58 of 130
When was the Globe ordered to be knocked down and why?
In 1642 because Parliament was dominated by Parliament
59 of 130
What were the 6 purposes of the theatre?
Control and propaganda, patronage, religious divisions, cultural developments, the development of buildings, literature and language and the increase in wealth of the Gentry and Nobility
60 of 130
What is a useful quote about the increase in wealth of the Gentry and Nobility?
'It was the London tradesment, from the wealthy to the small shopkeeper, who Shakespeare wrote for'
61 of 130
In what way did the Globe Theatre demonstrate the increase in wealth of the Gentry and Nobility?
The tiered seating system from the pit to the galleries with different prices
62 of 130
Name a patron of the theatre
The Lord Chamberlain
63 of 130
What is a useful quote about the cultural developments demonstrated by the theatre?
'These playwrights are the spokesmen for the mass of newly educated townsmen who have never had a voice'
64 of 130
What did the law in 1572 require of actors and theatre companies?
Actors had to be licensed and companies needed the protection of a patron
65 of 130
Name 2 theatre companies
The Lord Chamberlain's Men and the Admiral's Men
66 of 130
Who decided if plays were suitable to be performed?
The Master of the Revels
67 of 130
What is a useful quote about the use of the theatre as propaganda and control?
'The stage was capable of fuelling rebellion'
68 of 130
What play was banned, when and why?
'Isle of Dogs' was banned in 1597 because it was thought to have been a satirical comedy containing slanderous comments about the Queen
69 of 130
What play had scenes missing and what were these scenes?
Richard II had the abdication scene missing
70 of 130
What did the Archbishop of Canterbury do to plays in 1599?
He banned any play from being published without his authority
71 of 130
What happened to theatres in 1574 regarding laws?
Plays were banned within the city walls
72 of 130
What happened to theatres in 1596 regarding laws?
All theatres were forced to move South of the River Thames
73 of 130
What did Puritans think of theatres?
They called them a distraction and wanted them closed down
74 of 130
What was the Elizabethan era known as in regards to architecture?
The Great Rebuilding
75 of 130
What architect designed Hardwick Hall?
Robert Smythson
76 of 130
Did all buildings change?
No because England was in a lot of debt
77 of 130
Why was the name 'the Great Rebuilding' ironic?
Because Elizabeth never actually built anything
78 of 130
Give an argument that this was a Golden Age
Stories such as Robin Hood had a mass market appeal
79 of 130
Give 2 arguments that this was not a Golden Age
Only 1 in 10 women could read and write, and the Puritans were against most forms of entertainment
80 of 130
Give 3 causes of poverty?
Rack-renting, the population grew from 2.8 million to 4 million and the dissolution of the monastries
81 of 130
What is the difference between the impotent poor and the idle poor?
The impotent poor were deserving and could not provide due to old age or illness, whereas the idle poor were undeserving and were seen as a major threat to social order
82 of 130
What was canting?
The 'coded' language used by vagabonds
83 of 130
Name two scams used by vagabonds
The Baretop Trickster and the Counterfeit Crank
84 of 130
What law was introduced regarding poverty and when?
The Poor Law was introduced in 1601
85 of 130
What did the Poor Law do?
It taxed to rich to provide by the poor
86 of 130
When Francus Drake circumnavigate the globe?
Between 1577 and 1580
87 of 130
What was Drake motivated by?
Patriotism and a hatred of Catholicism
88 of 130
Who was Walter Raleigh?
He was a privateer and had to give 1/5 of his wealth found on expeditions to the Queen
89 of 130
What two acts were introduced in the Religious Settlement and in what year?
The Act of Supremacy and the Act of Uniformity were introduced as part of the Religious Settlement in 1559
90 of 130
What were Catholics happy with in the Religious Settlement?
Elizabeth was not head of the Church as she gave herself the title of Supreme Govenor
91 of 130
What were Moderate Protestants happy with in the Religious Settlement?
Bishops ran the Church, some decoration was allowed and Priests could marry
92 of 130
What were Puritans happy with in the Religious Settlement?
England was officially Protestant, Priests could marry and the Bible and services were in English not Latin
93 of 130
When did the Pope excommunicate Elizabeth from Catholicism and what else was this known as?
27th April 1570, and it was also known as the Papal Bull
94 of 130
What were the 4 rebellions against the Queen?
The Northern Rebellion, the Ridolfi Plot, the Throckmorton Plot and the Babington Plot
95 of 130
Why was the Northern Rebellion important?
It was the first rebellion and was a cause of the other three rebellions
96 of 130
Why were the Ridolfi Plot and the Throckmorton Plot not that important?
They had very low levels of support, Mary Queen of Scots was not involved, and the Throckmorton plot failed before it began
97 of 130
Why was the Babington Plot important?
This plot resulted in the execution of Mary Queen of Scots as a result of Walsingham's spy work
98 of 130
What was the aim of the College at Douai?
To educate Priests who would then travel back to England as missionaries to convert the English back to Catholicism
99 of 130
Who set up the College at Douai and when?
It was set up by William Allen in 1568
100 of 130
Where was the College at Douai?
The Spanish Netherlands
101 of 130
When did the first Priests from Douai arrive in England?
1574
102 of 130
What was the aim of the Jesuits?
To convert the Protestant population to the Catholic faith
103 of 130
When was the Society of Jesus set up?
1540
104 of 130
When did the Jesuits first arrive in England?
1580
105 of 130
How did Elizabeth respond to the Jesuits?
The 1585 Act against Jesuits called for them to be driven out of England and many executed
106 of 130
What did Philip do as a response to the excommunication by Pope Pius V?
He was not prepared to go to war with England so instead supported the College at Douai and the Jesuits in an attempt to undermine Elizabeth
107 of 130
Who was Edward Campion?
He lead the Jesuits on their mission to England
108 of 130
When was Campion executed and how?
He was hung, drawn and quartered on 1st December 1581
109 of 130
Give 2 arguments that the Puritans were a strong threat to Elizabeth
Separatists lead by Robert Browne set up a new Separatist church in 1580, and Puritans were writing extreme publications calling for the reorganisation of the church
110 of 130
Give 2 arguments that the Puritans were a weak threat to Elizabeth
The Puritans had no alternative unlike the Catholics who had Mary Queen of Scots, and there were divisions within due to the different groups such as Separatists, Moderates, Brownists and Presbysterians
111 of 130
Give 3 arguments that Mary Queen of Scots' arrival was important
Her claim to the throne had increased because she had married Lord Darnley who was related to the Tudors, Elizabeth had many options to consider such as execution, imprisonment and leaving her, and her arrival was a cause of 3 of the 4 rebellions
112 of 130
What were 2 long term causes of Mary's execution?
Mary had a strong claim to the throne and she was a Catholic so attracted lots of Catholic support
113 of 130
What were 2 short term causes of Mary's execution?
The Bond of Parliament of 1584 meant taht Mary would be executed if there was a threat to Elizabeth's life, and the Protestant leader William of Orange was assassinated in the Netherlands in 1585
114 of 130
What was the trigger cause of Mary's execution?
The Babington Plot of 1586 revealed Mary's involvement in the plan to kill Elizabeth
115 of 130
When was Mary executed?
1587
116 of 130
What were the 5 main causes of the wat between England and Spain in 1585?
Religious differences, a marriage proposal, the civil war in France, trade and piracy and the Netherlands
117 of 130
When was the civil war in France?
From 1562 until 1598
118 of 130
How much silver did Francis Drake steal from Spanish ships?
Over 160,000
119 of 130
What happened in the Netherlands?
William of Orange lead the Protestants and Elizabeth sent money and weapons to help. In 1584, William of Orange was assassinated and Elizabeth sent more rebels to fight
120 of 130
When was the Spanish Armada?
1588
121 of 130
Who lead the Armada and why was this bad?
The Armada was lead by the Duke of Medina Sidonia, and this was bad because the commander of the Spanish fleet had just died and this man had no experience
122 of 130
Who was in charge of the Spanish army?
The Duke of Parma
123 of 130
How many troops did Spain have?
30,000
124 of 130
What were fireships?
Fireships were used by the English and they broke up the Spanish's crescent formation
125 of 130
What was John Hawkins' contribution to the Armada?
He had spent years improving English ships
126 of 130
Give 3 of Spain's weaknesses in the Armada
Their leader had no experience, the Spanish crews panicked at the fireships and cut their anchor ropes and they were spotted easily
127 of 130
Give 3 of England's strengths in the Armada
Drake and Effingham were skilled sailors and were respected by the crews, a system of beacon fires alerted England that the Armada was approaching and the English fireships broke the Spanish crescent formation
128 of 130
Give 3 reasons why the weather affected the Armada
Storms damaged Spanish ships while they were collecting supplies at Corunna, storms wrecked Spanish ships off the coast of Ireland and many ships were sunk in Scotland due to storms
129 of 130
Give 3 changes of the Spanish Armada for England
The war with Spain dragged on, Protestantism was preserved and England became a naval power
130 of 130

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is a Protestant?

Back

A Christian who did not follow the ideas of the Pope and believed in plain, simple churches with the bible in English

Card 3

Front

What is a Catholic?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What were Elizabeth's 6 main problems when she became Queen?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What was the Royal Court?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar History resources:

See all History resources »See all Elizabethan England resources »