A phrase that doesn't have a literal meaning. "don't tell porky pies"
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Cockney rhyming slang
Porky pies= lies. Donkey's ears= years.
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Lexical variation
Variety in different dialects e.g. Breadroll, breadcake.
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Phonological variation
Pronunciation/Sounds. E.g South "baath" North "bahth"
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Grammatical variation
How grammer changes in different regions e.g. Word-order, tenses, sentence construction.
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Glottal consonants
Consonantal sounds formed in part of throat, Sound is made by closure of vocal chords
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Geordie accent
Glottal reinforcement of K. Glottal reinforcement of T e.g Wa er/ not water
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Overt Prestige
Status that is publicly acknowledged. E.g Standard English, Received pronunciation
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Covert Prestige
Status gained from peer group recognition rather than public acknowledgement. E.g Geordie accent
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Dialect levelling
When dialects lose their distinct differences and begin to share common language forms. (Particularly noticeable in vocabularly)
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Dialect levelling 2
Has decreased lexical variation as people use one word/phrase more often around the region than using other words that mean the same word E.g Majority of people in England these days use the word "splinter" instead of speel or spell
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Causes of dialect levelling
1)Immigration-people coming in from different countries.2) Increase in geographical mobility. 3) Social media 4) Reduction of rural employment + growth of suburbs. 5) Social mobility
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Estuary English
It is in the middle of received pronunciation and a cockney accent. Classless profile.
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Phonological features of Estuary English
1) Glottal stop-don't make "T" sound aftera vowel e.g Forgotten. 2) Tj sound instead of T e.g Tjube. 3) Not pronouncing 'R' e.g car = caa.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
1: Everyone would be able to understand each other. 2: Formal tone- good for interviews. 3: Clear and distinguishable
Back
Pros of using Standard English
Card 3
Front
1: you may be mocked, distrusted and disliked for it. 2: you may seem rude and haughty. 3: Seen as elitist/pretentious/better than anyone else
Back
Card 4
Front
1: Makes you stand out. 2: Allows you to be creative. 3: Regional/social identity
Back
Card 5
Front
Believe that when it comes to language everyone should follow a strict set of rules.
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