Pain- Cognitive Theory.

?
Acute Pain.
Specific identifiable tissue damage. Discomfort thats usually temporary- lasts less than 6 months.
1 of 15
Chronic Pain.
May start with a specific organic acute episode. Lasts for more than 6 months (Sarafino 2011). Can last a lifetime.
2 of 15
Psychogenic Pain.
Disorders that originate in the mind, rather than an organic cause.
3 of 15
Organic Pain.
Somatic- confined to body wall or musculoskeletal system. Visceral- Originates from internal organs (stomach, uterus, gall bladder).
4 of 15
Organic Pain cont.
Nociceptive- Associated with inflammatory and biological processes. Neuropathic- Resulting from current or past damage to peripheral or central nerves.
5 of 15
Descartes (1644)
Straight channel from skin to brain. Direct stimulus- response. Pain governed by sensation. (Doesnt explain different pain tolerences).
6 of 15
Vonfrey- Specificity Model (1894).
Direct stimulus- response. Pain governed by sensation. Special pain receptors. (Doesnt explain phantom limb pain).
7 of 15
Goldshneider Pattern Theory.
Not a specific connection between pain receptors and pain sites in the brain. Result of neural activity. Minimal tactile stimulation= feeling of touch. Stronger tactile stimulation= pain. Pattern of stimulation is coded by CNS.
8 of 15
Specific factors to pain.
Receptors (nociceptors)- in skin, muscles, arterial walls, surface of joints, surrounding bones and some internal organs. Pain fibres- 2 types- recieves messages from receptors. Classified according to the type of message, size and conduction rate.
9 of 15
A delta Fibres.
Myelinated and carry instant, short, sharp and well localised pain. Messages sent to spindal cord-initiate reflex response- rapid withdrawal of tissue from source of damage. Messages travel to thalamus then the cortex. Unresponsive to opioids.
10 of 15
C Fibres.
Impulses slower, less myelination, smaller fibres. Dull, burning, aching pain that is well diffused. Travel to the spinal cord- then to the brain stem- spread to diverse areas of cortex. Can subside with opioids.
11 of 15
A beta Fibres.
Not directly related to painful stimuli. Activated by touch, rubbing, scratching and warmth. Rapid fast track to the brain. Larger than A delta and C fibres.
12 of 15
Gate Control Theory (Melzach and Wall 1965).
As pain messages enter the spinal cord, they pass through a 'gating mechanism'. Gating mechanism can be opened and closed to varying degrees. Gate closed impulses are terminated.
13 of 15
Gate Control Theory cont.
Gate open and the transmission cells are activated. A delta fibres to thalamus and cortex and C fibres to brain stem. Cortex can open and close the gate, lower brain can close the gate.
14 of 15
Opening and closing of the gate.
Depends on 3 factors. Amount of activity in pain fibres. Amount of activity in the A beta fibres (tend to close the gate). Messages that descend from the brain (modulate the pain message (e.g. Anxiety opens the gate, distraction closes the gate).
15 of 15

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Chronic Pain.

Back

May start with a specific organic acute episode. Lasts for more than 6 months (Sarafino 2011). Can last a lifetime.

Card 3

Front

Psychogenic Pain.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Organic Pain.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Organic Pain cont.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Nursing resources:

See all Nursing resources »See all Psychology. resources »