Nursing Science and Professionalism

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What are the 6Cs of nursing and where did they come from?
Care
Compassion
Courage
Communication
Commitment
Competency
Department of Health- 2012
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List the NMCs 4Ps
Priorities people
Practice effectively
Preserve safety
Promote professionalism and trust
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What year was the Human Rights Act?
1998
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What year was the Mental Capacity Act?
2005
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What year was the Mental Health Act?
2007
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What year was the Equality Act?
2010
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What year was the Care Act?
2014
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What year was the Data Protection Act?
2018
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What year was the Children's Act?
2004
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What year was Working Together to Safeguard Children?
2018
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What year was the NMC Code published?
2015
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Describe the key points of Rogers' communication theory.
Person- centred theory: "Good communication is always therapeutic"
3 important factors:
1. genuineness/ congruence
2. acceptance
3. empathy
Unconditional positive regard: expressing empathy, support and acceptance to someone, regardless of what they say o
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Describe the key points of Macmillan's communication theory.
Interactions are influenced by history, rooted in personal experience.
Each interaction has both conscious and unconscious consequences of both the patient and practitioner (1996).
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Describe the key points of Eric Berne's communication theory.
Transactional analysis (1964)
All communication involves ego states e.g. nurturing or critical parent/ adapted or neutral child. Each ego state elicits a corresponding ego state- crossed transaction: when communication goes wrong.
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Describe the key points of Watzlawik's communication theory.
1. It is impossible not to communicate
2. Communication has a content level and a relational level
3. Meaning is shaped according to the person
4. Involves digital (words) and analogue (non-verbal)
5. How we relate to others: equal or unequal (symmetrical
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Describe the key points of Nolan's communication theory.
Relational care (2004)
security
belonging
continuity
purpose (personally valuable)
achievement (desired goals)
significance (you matter)
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List Heron's 6 categories of interaction.
AUTHORITATIVE:
prescriptive
informative
confronting
FACILITATIVE:
cathartic
catalytic
supportive
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Describe emotional intelligence.
The ability to perceive, use, understand, manage and handle emotions.
1. Self-awareness
2. Self-management/ regulation
3. Social skills
4. Empathy
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What are potential barriers to communication?
PHYSICAL-visual, auditory, speech impairment, pain, furniture
PSYCHOLOGICAL- emotional state, cognition
SOCIAL- status, culture
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Describe four types of communication.
Verbal/ written
Non-verbal (e.g. facial expression, gestures)
Para-verbal (how you say the words)
Active listening
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Describe active listening.
Hear accurately, understand, empathise, connect, show respect, build relationships
SKILLS:
paying attention
suspending judgement
reflecting- paraphrasing
clarifying- double check
summarising- key themes
sharing
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List the relevant professional guidance relating to communication.
DoH (2012) 6 Cs
NMC Code (2015) PRACTICE EFFECTIVELY-
Section 7- communicate clearly
Section 10- keep clear and accurate records
NMC Future Nurse: Standards of Proficiency (2018)-
Platform 1- being an accountable professional
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Explain the relevant legal and professional guidance that exists in relation to confidentiality.
Human Rights Act (1998)- Article 8:
Respect for your private and family life
Data Protection Act (2018)
Caldicott Principles (DoH, 1997, 2013, 2020)
NMC Code (2015)- PRIORITISE PEOPLE
Section 5: Respect the right to privacy + confidentiality
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Explain the relevant legal and professional guidance that exists in relation to adult safeguarding.
Human Rights Act- Article 3
No-one shall be subjected to torture, or inhuman or degrading treatment.
Care Act (2013)- protect vulnerable adults from mistreatment and improve their quality of life.
NMC Code (2015) Preserve safety- Section 17
Raise concerns
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Explain the relevant legal and professional guidance that exists in relation to capacity.
Human Rights Act (1998): Article 5
-the right to liberty and security
Mental Capacity Act (2005)
Mental Health Act (2007)
NMC Code (2015) PRIORITISE PEOPLE
Section 1- Treat people as individuals and uphold their dignity
Section 4- Act in the best interes
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Define safeguarding.
Living life free from harm and abuse.
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Explain the legal and professional guidance that exists in relation to children's safeguarding.
Children's Act (2004)- Section 47/ 17
-duty to promote positive parenting
Working together to safeguard children (2018)
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List the types of abuse.
Physical
Emotional
Sexual
Neglect
Domestic violence
Financial
Organisational (duty of candour)
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What are the Caldicott principles?
DoH, 1997 (updated 2013, 2020)
- justify the purpose
-only use if necessary
- use the minimum info required
- access on need to know basis
- be aware of responsibilities
- must comply with the law
- duty to share as important as duty to protect
- must inf
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How is capacity assessed?
1. Is there sufficient impairment/ disturbance of the mind or brain?
2. Are they able to understand, retain the info, use (process) and communicate their decision?

Assessment of capacity is always time and decision specific.
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What are the key principles for assessing capacity?
1. Must assume capacity unless proved otherwise
2. Must take all reasonable steps to help a person understand/ communicate their decision
3. You cannot assume a person lacks capacity just because they make an unwise decision
4. Any decision made must be i
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What powers does the Mental Health Act (2007) give?
Powers to manage mental health problems.
Section 2- admission for assessment (28 days)
Section 3- admission for treatment
Section 4- emergency admission (72h)
Section 5- holding powers
Section 17- Leave/discharge (+ power of recall)
CTO- community treatme
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Describe ethics in relation to nursing practice, with reference to ethical theory.
"How we ought to live" Singer (1994)
Biomedical ethics- Beauchamp and Childress (2001)
1. Autonomy (free choice)
2. Beneficence (doing good, best interests)
3. Non-maleficence (cause no harm)
4. Justice (fairness, transparency)
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Card 4

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Card 5

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