OCR 21st Century Combined Science B3

?
  • Created by: kokokeisy
  • Created on: 05-05-18 07:46
Rate
a measure of how much something changes over time
1 of 76
Equation for Rate
amount that its changed / time taken for change to happen
2 of 76
Producers
organisms that produce their own food
3 of 76
Consumers
organims that cannot make their own food and eat producers
4 of 76
Biomass
mass of living material
5 of 76
Food Chain
sequqnce that shows how each individual feeds on the organism in a chain
6 of 76
Order of a food chain
Producer -> Primary Consumers -> SEcondary Consumer ->Tertiary consumer
7 of 76
Predator
animal that hunts and kills other animals for food
8 of 76
Individual
a single organism
9 of 76
Organism
individual animal,plant or single-celled life form
10 of 76
Population
number of living things/all organisms of one species in a habitat
11 of 76
Community
All different organisms living in the same habitat
12 of 76
Habitat
the area in which organisms live
13 of 76
Ecosystem
a community of organisms along with abiotic conditions
14 of 76
Abiotic
Non-living components
15 of 76
Biotic
Living Components
16 of 76
Niche
position and role of an organism within its ecosystem
17 of 76
What animals compete for?
Water, MAtes, Space(Territory), Food, Water , Shelter
18 of 76
What plants compete for?
Light, Pollinators, Minerals, Water Seed dispersers
19 of 76
Whats a resource that doesnt cuase interspecific competitiion?
Mates
20 of 76
Abiotic Factors for survival
Distribution of species due to temperature, light intensity, soil pH, moisture level
21 of 76
Biotic Factors for survival
Availability of food, Number of Predators, Presence of pathogens
22 of 76
Bioaccumilation
build up of chemical pesticides or fertilisers
23 of 76
Eutrophication
excess fertilisers released into lakes and ponds causing increased growth of algae
24 of 76
Indicator species
organisms sensitive to changes in their environment and can be studied as to how polluted an area is
25 of 76
Examples of indicator species
Stonefly larvae, Blood worms, Lichen
26 of 76
Stable Community
where living and non-living factors are balanced
27 of 76
Interdependence
different species within an ecosystem are connected and depend on each other for food, shelter, pollintation and reproduction
28 of 76
What do food webs do
show how food chains are linked and how all species in the food web are interdependenttn
29 of 76
Symbosis
when two organisms of different species live together in a very close relationship
30 of 76
Mutalism
both species benefiting in a relationship
31 of 76
Parasitism
one species benefits at the expense of other species
32 of 76
Natural Selection
ensures individual s within a species have traits that make the well adapted to their envrionment, if a habitat changes, previous traits can become a disadvantage, so species become extinct if they cant adapt
33 of 76
What do microorganisms do in recycling materials?
They release carbon and nitrogen from dead organisms and transform them into substamces that are easier to use
34 of 76
Biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem
carbon, nitrogen and water
35 of 76
Why are decomposers important?
It returns mineral ions and carbon back into the environment
36 of 76
Detritus
dead and decaying matter
37 of 76
Detrivore
organisms that feed on detritus
38 of 76
What is a quadrat used for
comparing how common an organism is intwo sample areas
39 of 76
How do you estimate a population size
find the mean number of organims per m^2 (2) Multiply mean by total area of habitat
40 of 76
Cons of using a quadrat
hard to count fast-moving animals, must be placed on a fairly flat piece of land, method is limited to slow moving animals and plants,.
41 of 76
Whats a Transect used for
To investigate distribution and how it gradually changes across an area
42 of 76
Describe a capture-mark-release-recapture
capture sample and mark animals (2) release back into environment (3) Recapture and count how much of sample is marked
43 of 76
What is capture-mark-release-recapture used for
estimate population sizes without harming anything in the process
44 of 76
Population size equation
number in first sample % number in second sample / number in second sample previously marked
45 of 76
Organic molecules
Molecules that contain carbon
46 of 76
What does glucose turn into
Starch
47 of 76
What does Amino acids turn into
Protien
48 of 76
What does Glycerol and fatty acids turn into
Lipids
49 of 76
What are all synthesis reactions catalysed by
enzymes
50 of 76
Examples of Organic molecules
Fatty acids, Glucose, Sugars, Glycerol, Glucose+ Nitrate ions=amino acids
51 of 76
Examples of long chain molecules
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids
52 of 76
Use of larger molecules
to build structures like cell membranes and organelles
53 of 76
Test for Sugar (Bendicts Reagant)
Add Benedict Reagant (Blue) to sample + heat at 75. If sugar is present, coloured precipitae will form
54 of 76
Test for Starch (Iodine)
Add iodine to sample, if present sample goes from browny orange to blue-black
55 of 76
Test for Proteins (Biuret Test)
(1) Add sodium hydroxide to make solution alkaline (2) Add Copper Sulfate (bright blue) (3) If present, solution will turn purple, if not, will stay blue
56 of 76
Test for Lipids (Emulsion Test)
(1) Shake substance with ethanol until its dissolved. (2) Pour in Water (3) If present, solution will be milky emulsion
57 of 76
Carbon Cycle
Enters Atmoshpere as CO2 from respiration and cmbustion. Absorbed by producers in photosynthesis. Consumers feed and exhale co2. Consumers nd Producers die and release co2 from decomposers. Remains can be used as fossil fuels for combustion.
58 of 76
Water Cycle
Sun heats Earths Surface, Water evaporates and carries water vapour with it. Moist air cools, condenses and makes clouds. Water droplets get heavier, precipiation occurs. Animals return water into soil through excretion
59 of 76
Photosynthesis
Endothermic reaction that is chemical energy requireing light energy
60 of 76
How do humans indirectly get their energy from the Sun
Conversion of energy from the sun into chemical energy through photosynthesis, and we eat the plant after
61 of 76
Equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
62 of 76
Testing a leaf for starch
(1) Place in boiling water to prevent chemical reactions takng place (2) Plce in ethanol to remove chlorophyll (3) Drop Iodine solution,If theres Starch present itll turn blue/black
63 of 76
Limiting Factors for Photosynthesis
Light intensity, Carbom Dioxide, Temperature
64 of 76
Limiting Factor
Restricting facotr that control the rate at which plants photosynthesis
65 of 76
Light intensity and the inverse square law
Light intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from thelight source
66 of 76
Variegated leaves
leaves that dont contain chlorophyll and are pale
67 of 76
What Root Cells have and do
They have hairs which gives it a huge surface area to absorb water and mineral ions, which is drawn into the plant through osmosis
68 of 76
Why do plants need nitrogen
To make proteins
69 of 76
Plasmolysed
when a plant is shorrt of water, so the cytoplasm shrinks an the membrane pulls away from the cell wall.
70 of 76
Feature of Xylemm
Dead, no connecting cell walls, lumen down the middle, strong, walls made of cellulose, strengenthed with lignin
71 of 76
Features of Pholem
-Living cells -Perforates end-plates -Join to form long vessels to transport sugars
72 of 76
Transpiraton
loss of water by evaporation from the leaves of plants
73 of 76
What decreaeses the rate of transpiraton?
decreasing light intenity
74 of 76
Rate of transpiration
distance moved by bubble (mm) / time (min)
75 of 76
what molecules can go through a cell membrane
glucose, water, amino acids, oxygen
76 of 76

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

amount that its changed / time taken for change to happen

Back

Equation for Rate

Card 3

Front

organisms that produce their own food

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

organims that cannot make their own food and eat producers

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

mass of living material

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all Adaptations of organisms to their environment resources »