OCR 21st Century Combined Science B1

?
  • Created by: kokokeisy
  • Created on: 20-04-18 14:20
What are the features of Eukaryotic cells?
Have a nucleus, Complex, in Animal&Plant Cells.
1 of 54
What are the features of Prokaryotic Cells?
Dont have a nucleus, small, simple, in Bacteria.
2 of 54
What are different parts of a cell called?
Subcellular Structures.
3 of 54
Where is the genetic material stored in an Eukaryotic Cell?
Nucleus in the DNA arranged in Chromosomes
4 of 54
Where is the genetic material stored in a Prokaryotic Cell?
Free floating circular chromosome or Plasmids.
5 of 54
What gene does a plasmid in a prokaryotic cell contain?
Drug resistance-can be passed between prokaryotic cells
6 of 54
Whats DNA?
A polymer thats made up of monomers that contains two strands of nucleotides to form a double helix
7 of 54
How and where do animals store glucose?
Stored as Glycogen in the liver and muscle tissues.
8 of 54
What features do Eurkaryotic Cells NOT have?
Cell Walls or Chloroplasts
9 of 54
What features DO Eukaryotic Cells have?
Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Partially permeable membrane
10 of 54
What do Ribsomes do?
they're involved in the synthesis of proteins
11 of 54
What does the Mitochondria do?
contains enzymes needed for aerobic respiration.
12 of 54
WHat does the Cytoplasm do?
contains enzymes for that controls the chemical reactions that take place within the cell.
13 of 54
What does the Partially Permeable Membrane do ?
It holds the Eukarotic Cell together and controls what goes in and out
14 of 54
What are the unique features of a Plant Cell?
Cell Wall, Chloroplasts, Chlorophyll, Vacuole
15 of 54
Whats the Cell wall made out of and what does it do?
Cellulose and supports and strengthens cell
16 of 54
What do chloroplasts do?
Where photosynthesis occurs, and contains chlorophyll which makes a plant green
17 of 54
What does Vacuole contain?
Cell sap (weak solution of sugars and salts)
18 of 54
Whats Starch and Sucrose?
Starch: type of carbohydrate plants can turn glucose into starch for storage Sucrose: disaccharide made from sucrose+frutose
19 of 54
What features does a Prokaryotic cell NOT have compared to an Eurkaryotic Cell?
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
20 of 54
What do you need to do to ensure your drawing of a specimen is correct?
Use a PENCIL with a sharp point with clear unbroken lines, DONT include colouring or shading, Write down Magnification, LABEL important features
21 of 54
Whats a genome?
the Entire genetic material of an organism.
22 of 54
Where is the genetic material of animal and plant cells stored and arranged?
In the nucleus in the Chromosomes
23 of 54
How many chromosomes do humans have?
23 Pairs so 46 in total
24 of 54
Whats a gene?
Short length of DNA which codes for a particular sequence of amino acids to make a specific protein
25 of 54
Whats Polymerisation?
The process of making a big molecule from lots of smaller molecules.
26 of 54
What do proteins control and do?
They control the development of different characteristics and how an organism functions,
27 of 54
Whats an Allele/Genetic Variants?
different versions of the same gene
28 of 54
WHats a Genotype?
the combination of alleles an organism has for each gene and what makes a genome unique.
29 of 54
Whats a Phenotype?
The characteristcs an organism displayed which can be influenced by the genotype AND interactions with the environment.
30 of 54
Whats a gamete?
Reproductive Cells which only have one version of each gene(allele) from the sperm or egg.
31 of 54
Whats a dominant allele?
WHen a characteristic appears even if the organism only has one copy of the allele.
32 of 54
Whats a recessive allele?
Where a characteristic only appearsi if they have two copies of the same allele.
33 of 54
Whats Homozygous?
when you have two alleles the same for that particular gene
34 of 54
WHats Heterozygous?
when you have two different alleles for a particular gene
35 of 54
Whats a Single Gene Inheritance>
characteristics controlled by a single gene
36 of 54
**?
Female
37 of 54
XY?
Male
38 of 54
What is the 23rd Pair of chromosomes called?
Sex chromosomes
39 of 54
What does the Y sex chromosome do ?
It carries a gene which stimulates the growth of testes,developing the embryo into a male.
40 of 54
WwHat does the Human genome have potential uses for and how?
in Medicine-you can identify genetic variants and treat people linked to a particular disease
41 of 54
Pros to knowing a particular genetic variant?
-You can make lifestyle changes if they are at higher risk to developing a disease.
42 of 54
Pros of Genetic Testing?
Can be used to Predict response to specific drugs. and prescribe personalised medicine
43 of 54
Whats Personalised Medicine,?
When a doctor prescribes medicine that'll be most effective for a patient
44 of 54
Cons of Genetic Testing
-Discrimination within employees -Increased Stress
45 of 54
Why would you do genetic testing on a baby?
to see the potential risks it may have to having a particular genetic disorder.
46 of 54
Why would a parent want to be genetically tested in the process of Family Planning?
to see if they are a carrier of any disorders/diseases.
47 of 54
Why would you genetically test an embryo in the process of Family Planning?
So you can choose an embryo without a genetic variant with a disorder and then be implanted back into the womb.
48 of 54
How and why would you genetically test a fetus in the process of Family Planning?
Taking a sample of FETAL DNA in the AMNIOTIC FLUID can be tested. You can choose whether to carry on with a pregnancy after
49 of 54
Cons of Family Planning through Genetic Testing?
-Isnt 100& reliable. -Can cause uneccessary stress. -Can lead to destruction of embryos or abortion/Potential life.
50 of 54
Definition of Genetic Engineering
Altering genes in a living organism to make them produce a desired product.
51 of 54
List the stages of Genetic Engineering.
1)Useful gene isolated from genome using enzyme.Gene is replacted. 2)Copy inserted in Vector. 3)Vector mixed with other cells.4)Modified cells then identifyed and selected.5)Selected cells replicate&produces protein it codes for.
52 of 54
Pros to Genetic Engineering
-Make crops herbicide-resistant. -Can produce human insulin. -Can make proteins
53 of 54
Cons to Genetic Engineering
-Moral concern to modify genomes -Animals suffer -Embryos may not survive -Crops can change food chains and human health, -Transplanted gene plants may get out inro envrionment
54 of 54

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are the features of Prokaryotic Cells?

Back

Dont have a nucleus, small, simple, in Bacteria.

Card 3

Front

What are different parts of a cell called?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Where is the genetic material stored in an Eukaryotic Cell?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Where is the genetic material stored in a Prokaryotic Cell?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all DNA and inheritance resources »