Nuclear chemistry

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  • Created by: urghexams
  • Created on: 23-12-18 14:51
list four major sources of radiation in the UK
food and drink, medical, ground and buildings, radon gas
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what medical source is a source for background radiation ?
X rays
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what is background radiation
radiation that surrounds us all the time. we are always being exposed to it.
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Proton
mass = 1 . charge = positive. located in nucleus
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neutron
mass = 1. charge = neutral. located in nucleus
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electron
mass = 0. charge = negative. located in orbits
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atomic number
number of protons and electrons in a atom
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mass number
number of protons + neutrons
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isotope
an atom with a different number of neutrons but the same number of protons
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what are the three types of radiation ?
alpha. beta. gamma
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Alpha
helium nucleus. low penetration. 2 neutrons, 2 protons. charge of 2 positive. mass of 4
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Beta
electron. medium penetration. electron. charge of one negative. no mass
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Gamma
high penetration. electromagnetic wave.
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whats the behaviour of these radiations in a electric field
Alpha will slowly be attracted to a negative source as its positively charged but heavy. Beta will be quickly attracted to the positive source as its negative and light.
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when can a nucleus become unstable? what do they do?
when the proton to neutron ratio is too high. they try to rearrange themselves and "spit out" particles while doing so.
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what is it called when unstable nuclei rearrange themselves ?
radiation
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how can you work out proton to neutron ratio?
by dividing the bigger number by the smaller one
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how do you work out alpha decay?
take the alpha particle away from whatever element is decaying
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what happens to the elements when alpha decay takes place?
they become different elements. moving to the left of the periodic table
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how is a beta particle formed
when a neutron changed into a proton (which stays in the nucleus) and an electron (which is emitted)
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how do you work out beta emission?
take the beta particle away from the element.
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what happens to the element during beta emission ?
the mass number of the atom doesn't change but the atomic number increases by one. the element changes and moves to the right of the periodic table
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what are artificial isotopes?
stable isotopes that have been made radioactive by bombarding them with particles in a nuclear reactor, the particles used are often neutrons.
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why are neutrons used in the making of artificial isotopes ?
because their neutral so will decrease any change of the isotopes repelling the atoms
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how do you write artificial isotope equations ?
you write the bombardment with whichever particle then write the ommission of whatever particle
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what is meant by the term half life ?
the time it takes for the radioactivity of s source to half its original value
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where can you find half life's ?
page 8
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what is half life effected by ?
nothing
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what is carbon dating ?
a method used that measure the intensity of a dead plant/animals radiation and therefor determine time of death
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what is the half life of carbon 14 ?
5700 years
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describe the use of Cobalt 60 in medicine
carries excess energy, used in radiotherapy to destroy cancer cells
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describe the use of Sodium 24 in medicine
traces the movement of materials in our Bodies, determines how good blood circulation is
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describe the use of Iodine 131 in medicine
treatment for thyroid cancer
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how do smoke alarms work ?
the detector detects alpha particles in the air. The smoke blocks the alpha particles in the air and therefore sets of the detector
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what medical source is a source for background radiation ?

Back

X rays

Card 3

Front

what is background radiation

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Proton

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

neutron

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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