Chemistry

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What is the formula to calculate the average rate of a reaction?
Change in volume/change in time
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How is nuclide notation arranged?
Bottom number= atomic number, top number=mass number
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What are isotopes?
Atoms that have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
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How is relative atomic mass calculated?
The mass of each isotope is multiplied with the percentage it appears,the two totals are added together then divided by 100.
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How does covalent bonding work?
Atoms are joined together with a shared pair of electrons.
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What are the names of different covalent bonding shapes?
2 atoms= diatomic, 3 atoms= bent, 4 atoms=pyramidal, 5 atoms=tetrahedal
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What are the properties of covalent molecular structures?
Bonds between atoms are strong but bonds between molecules are weak, low melting and boiling points.
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What are the properties of covalent networks?
Giant 3D structures, relatively strong bonds, very high melting and boiling points
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When do ion compounds form?
When metal atoms transfer electrons to non-metal ions.
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What are the properties of ionic compounds?
Solid at room temperature, conducts when liquid but not when solid, high melting and boiling points,m soluble in water.
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How is the mole calculated?
Mass/gfm or concentration*volume
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How is the mass calculated?
Mol/gfm
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How is the gfm calculated?
Mass/mol
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How is the concentration calculated?
Mol/volume
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How is the volume calculated?
Mol/concentration
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Do acidic solutions have a higher concentration of hydrogen ions or hyrdoxide ions?
Hydrogen
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Do alkaline solutions have a higher concentration of hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions?
Hydroxide ions
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What are spectator ions?
Ions that have not taken part in the reaction.
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How does a titration experiment work?
A burette is used to gradually add accurately measured volumes of the acid into a conical flask containing the alcohol.
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What is a homologus series?
A family of compounds that have similar chemical properties and have the same general formula.
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What is an isomer?
Molecules with very similar chemistry but different physical properties
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What is the general formula for alkanes?
Cn H2n+2
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What is the general formula for cycloalkanes?
Cn H2n
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What is the general formula for alkenes?
Cn H2n
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How can alkanes be distinguished from alkanes?
By adding bromine solution as the unsaturated alkene will quickly react with the bromine and cause it to lose its colour.
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What is the reaction called when an alkene reacts with bromine?
An addition reaction
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What is the reaction called when hydrogen reactions with an alkene?
Hydrogenation
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What is the reaction called when water reacts with an alkene?
Hydration
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What is the functional group contained in alcohols?
Hydroxyl group (-OH)
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What happens to the boiling point of alcohols when the number of carbon atoms increases?
It increases
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What is the reaction called when water is removed from an alcohol to produce an alkene?
Dehydration
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What are two uses of ethanol?
Fuel and solvents
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What is the functional group contained within carboxylic acids?
Carboxyl group (-COOH)
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How are esters formed?
When carboxylic acids and alcohols are warmed together in the presence of a catalyst
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What is an endothermic reaction?
When energy is taken in from the surroundings
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What is an exothermic reaction?
When energy is given out into the surroundings
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How is the energy given out from combustion calculated?
E=cm delta t e.g 4.18*the mass of the water in liters*the temperature rise of the water
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How is the % of a metal in a compound calculated?
mass of element in formula/formula mass of compound*100
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What are the three ways metals can be extracted from their ores?
Heating, smelting and electrolysis
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What is a polymer?
Giant molecules formed when lots of monomers join together.
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What is an addition polymer?
When lots of monomers with double bonds join together
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What is a condensation polymer?
When lots of monomers with no double bonds join together
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What is a natural polymer?
A polymer produced by living things
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Which process is used to make ammonia?
The Haber process
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What is the catalyst used in the haber process?
Iron
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What process is used to convert ammonia into nitric acid?
The Ostwald process
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What is the catalyst used in the ostwald proces?
Platinum
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How is ammonium nitrate made?
Reacting ammonia and nitric acid
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What are the essential elements plants need for healthy growth?
Nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium
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What are three types of radioactive emissions, in order of penetrating power?
Alpha, Beta and Gamma
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How does flame testing help identify metal compounds?
When some metal compounds are placed in a flame, characteristic colors are observed.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How is nuclide notation arranged?

Back

Bottom number= atomic number, top number=mass number

Card 3

Front

What are isotopes?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How is relative atomic mass calculated?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How does covalent bonding work?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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