Nervous Tissue- Cell biology

?
  • Created by: Sarah
  • Created on: 03-05-17 10:47
why are neurons specialised cells?
1) long processes 2) special metabolism 3) selective ion channels
1 of 45
what are neurons designed for?
to transmit electrical signlas as impulses over long distances
2 of 45
what are the 3 things in neurons that move ions?
1) sodium-potassium ATPase 2) ligand gated channels 3) voltage gated channels
3 of 45
what are processes?
axons and dendrites attached to the cell body
4 of 45
what is the axon structue usually like?
usually long and unbranched until it reaches the target
5 of 45
what are the support cells for neurons?
glial cells
6 of 45
what do glial cells provide?
maintenance and nutrition
7 of 45
3 roles of glial cells?(astrocytes only)
1) spatial buffering of K+ 2) glucose metabolism 3) NT uptake
8 of 45
what glial cells myelinate neurons in the PNS?
schwann cells
9 of 45
what neurons myelinate the cells in the CNS?
oligodendrocytes
10 of 45
how do glial cells get a myelin sheath?
wrap their axon around the neurons several times
11 of 45
what is called when the ap jumps from node to node?
saltatory conduction
12 of 45
whatis a synapse?
a junction between 2 neurons or between neuron + target organ
13 of 45
how do synapses allow one way comunication?
only recs on postsynaptic, vesicles of NTs released from presynaptic
14 of 45
how big is the snapse?
400nm
15 of 45
what dos influx of chloride ions do?
makes more negative, inhibitory less likely to get an ap
16 of 45
where are NTs released from?
presynaptic neuron
17 of 45
what channels do NT bind to?
lignad gated
18 of 45
if ligand gated sodium channels what happens to the membrane potential?
increases m potential, becomes more positive, goes up towards threshold
19 of 45
what is the most common inhibitory NT in the CNS?
GABA
20 of 45
where is acetylcholine found?
neuromuscular junctions, brain
21 of 45
what synapses are Acetylcholine found at?
at ganglia where pre+post synaptic neurons meet in ANS, parasympathetic NS between postsynaptic + target organ
22 of 45
what is the NT found in the sympathetic NS between postsynaptic + target organ?
noradrenaline
23 of 45
how are NTs inactivated?
by reuptake or enzymes
24 of 45
what is myasthenia gravis?
autoimmune disease affecting muscles
25 of 45
what causes myasthenia gravis?
Immune system attacks actylchoA receptors at neuromuscular junctions
26 of 45
symptoms of myasthenia gravis?
muscle weakness and fatigue, Gravis = heavy
27 of 45
what muscles are worst affected in myasthenia gravis?
eye, eyelid, face, larynx, pharynx
28 of 45
what do myasthenia gravis patients have problems with?
keeping eyes open, speech- dysarthia, swallowing- dysphagia
29 of 45
what are there more of neurons or glial cells?
glial cells, outnumber 10:1
30 of 45
what are glial cells often involved with?
nutrition (astrocytes glucose metabolism), removal of debris (migroglia), myelination (oligos+schwann)
31 of 45
what is the NT serotonin thought to be concerned with?
mood- depression
32 of 45
what is a treatment for depression
specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors
33 of 45
how do specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors work?
prevents uptake of serotonin, so serotonin works at synapse for longer
34 of 45
nutritional role of star shaped astrocytes?
branches contact blood vessels and neurons, bridge to carry nutrients between them
35 of 45
axons over what size are usually myelinated?
1um
36 of 45
what do microglia do?
phagocytotic cells,engulf and destroy pathogens and debris
37 of 45
what are groups of cell bodies in the CNS called?
nuclei
38 of 45
the CT binding a whole nerve together in the periphal NS is called what?
epineurium
39 of 45
in the CNS what are axons grouped together to dorm?
pathways or tracts
40 of 45
what is the cell bodies called in the PNS?
ganglia
41 of 45
what types of synapses arethere?
axoaxomal (axon to axon), axodendritic (axon to dendritie), axosomatic (axon to cell body), dendrodendromal
42 of 45
whats the sensory motor system made up of?
visceral (unlocalised pain) and somatic (skin)
43 of 45
whats the motor system made up of?
somatic (voluntary) and autonomic (involuntary)
44 of 45
cell membrane of nervous tissue has what nucleus?
euchromatic
45 of 45

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what are neurons designed for?

Back

to transmit electrical signlas as impulses over long distances

Card 3

Front

what are the 3 things in neurons that move ions?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what are processes?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what is the axon structue usually like?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all Cell biology resources »