Neanderthal Cultural Behaviour 0.0 / 5 ? AnthropologyThe Evolution of Hominin Behaviour UniversityNone Created by: CourtneyCreated on: 29-05-15 09:55 Neanderthal Sites Shanidar, Amud, Tabun, Engis, Neandertal, Le Moustier, Chatelperron 1 of 22 Neanderthals 200-28kyrs. Europe, SW & C. Asia. Tool use, fire, shelter, clothing, hunting, symbolism 2 of 22 The Paleolithic (2.6mya- 10kyr) Early (Oldowan- 2.6-1mya) + (Acheulean- 1.7mya- 250kya), Middle (Levallois, 250-30kyr), Late (Blades etc. 40kyr-10kyr) 3 of 22 Mousterian Tools & Levallois technique Associated with Neanderthals- control over shape and size- cognitive leap? 4 of 22 Aterian Tang Tools Highly variable. Spear points? Associated with AMH 5 of 22 Bordes- Binford debate Bordes- Tool variation= different tribes; Binford- Variation= material availability, resharpening & reduction (Frison effect) 6 of 22 Frison (1976) Resharpening and reduction= variation in tool which may not be different cultures 7 of 22 Villa & Roebroeks (2014) AMH superiority complex. No evidence for inferiority of Neanderthal culture etc. Interbreeding and assimilation more likely. 8 of 22 Chatelperronian U.P. earliest industry. "modern" elements- ornaments and bone tools. Stratigraphic radiocarbon dating= neanderthals responsible (Caron et al. 2011) 9 of 22 Neanderthal hunters Survived in range of environments. Throwing/thrusting weapons. Aquatic foods, small and fast game. 10 of 22 Boeda et al. (1999) Levallois point embedded in vertebrae of wild *** = M.P game hunting in Syria 11 of 22 Mezmaiskaya Cave (Russia) Bison remains 12 of 22 Stringer et al. (2008) Deer, boar, rabbits, seals, dolphins, tortoises fish etc. all found at neanderthal sites in Gibralter 13 of 22 Henry et al. (2004) Neanderthals spacially organised themselves similarly to AMH. 14 of 22 Burial Only a few recovered. ~150kyrs @ Tabun. Mezmaiskaya Cave (Russia). Shanidar 4? 15 of 22 Rendu et al. (2014) La Chapelle-Aux-Saints burial pit with grave goods and ochre etc. 16 of 22 Dibble et al. (2014) La Chapelle-Aux-Saints has no objective evidence of a burial. 17 of 22 Belfer-Cohen and Hovers (1992) Criteria for MP. burials= 1. closed structure 2. preservation 3 .grave goods/decoration 18 of 22 Evidence of compassion? Shanidar 1. Elderly man with evidence of healed fractures in head and arm 19 of 22 Symbolic expression Perforated bones @ La Quina (70-60kya). Cranial deformation? Shanidar (46kya) = beautification? 20 of 22 Perforated/cut bones? Bilzingsleben striated marks. Perforated bones Czech Republic= gastric juices? 21 of 22 Conclusion Not just AMH with complex behaviour- but what role to H. heidelbergensis have to play? 22 of 22
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