Native Americans 1900-1945

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  • Created by: Gandalf
  • Created on: 03-04-13 20:55
What is meant by the term 'into the melting pot'?
Phrase to describe trying to assimilate different ethnicities
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What continued to be an obstacle for N/A resistance to government policies?
Lack of a sense of common purpose amongst Native Americans
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What was ruled in Lone Wolf v Hitchcock?
The supreme court supported the power of the US government to revoke all treaties made with the Native American tribes
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Why was the decision of Lone Wolf v Hitchcock significant?
Because it established the right of congress to revoke all treaties and led to the further acquisition of Indian lands
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The Society of American Indians (SAI) was the first attempt at...?
establishing an inter-tribal pressure group with the prose of campaigning for improvement in education and better health care
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Why did the SIA disband by the 1920's (achieving very little)?
SIA members were not united in their vision for the future of N/A
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What was the first stage of urbanisation of American Indians?
During the first world war, the government sponsored some N/A families to move away from the reservations to work in the defence industries
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How were N/A soldiers in WW1 unlike A/A soldiers?
They were not segregated in separate units, having the opportunity to integrate with white Americans
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What was the real purpose of the indian citizenship act of 1924?
To complete assimilation
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Did the Indian Citizenship Act (1924) make a difference?
No; by the time the act was passed, the amount of N/A who possessed the right to vote had increased to almost two-thirds of the population
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What happened in the 1948 Harrison v.Laveen supreme court case?
Two N/A were refused the vote, the court decided in their favour but other states in the West continued to restrict N/A voting rights
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What order prohibited the right of the Peublos Indians from performing some of their traditional dances?
The leavitt Bill 1926
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What were ADIA (American Indian Defence Association) successful in blocking?
The Bursum and Levitt Bills that posed such a threat to the Pueblos Indians
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When was the Merium report?
1928
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What didn't the Merium report criticise?
Assimilation
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Why is the Meriam report considered a turning point in N/A civil rights?
It was the first time that pervious policies were condemned by a respected institution
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What did the Merium report do?
Described the dreadful conditions and raised awareness that the N/A were impoverished
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What did the Merium report condemn?
The allotment policy
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Who supported the recommendation of the Merium report?
President Hoover
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What did Hoover do for A/A?
Closure of unpopular boding schools, improved medical facilities, federal aid was increased to improve the quality of life for reservation Indians
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What didn't Hoover do for A/A?
Adress the matter of allotted lands
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How can the New Deal not be seen entirely as a turning point?
It was not sustained as the change of administration in 1945 meant a change in attitude to N/A and policy
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What did he new Deal lay the foundation for?
further reform in the 1970's
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What was the intention of the Wheeler-Howard Act of 1934?
To recognise and preserve the traditional culture of the Indian tribes
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What law did the Wheeler-Howard Act overthrow?
The law of 1883 that banned ceremonial dances and celebrations
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What happened to unallocated land lost between 1900 and 1930 as a result of the Wheeler-Howard Act?
It was restored to the tribes
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How did the Wheeler-Howard Act (1934) help N/A women?
Extended political rights for N/A women and gave them the opportunity to train for domestic work
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What did Collier do to improve conditions on the reservation?
Built hospitals, schools and irrigation systems on the reservations
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Although the allotment process was brought to an end by the New Deal, what commitment remained?
Assimilation
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What was the response of N/A to the New Deal?
They resented Collier because he mistakenly assumed that they wanted self-determination
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How were the achievements of the New Deal significant in terms of funds provided by the federal government??
Funds provided by the government (while inadequate) supported the economic development of Native American communities
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Who were the tribes still living on reservations led by again?
Their tribal councils so there was some reaffirmation of tribal loyalties and a resurgence of tribal culture
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What did the involvement of native Americans in the Indian Bureau give them?
some input into the development of Indian policy
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What limited the potential long term impact of the New Deal?
WW2 and the introduction of the policy of termination
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During WW2 how many N/A left the reservations or their homesteads?
100,000
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What was life like for the N/A that remained on the reservations during WW2?
A time of hardship because resources were being pulled into the war
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What happened to returning N/A soldiers after the war?
They were forced back onto the reservations, unable to take advantage of opportunities that were offered to white American war veterans
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Who were The National Congress Of American Indians (NCAI)?
Formed by 80 Native Americans representing 50 tribes
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When was NCAI founded?
1944
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Why was NCAI significant?
Because it represented a realisation that to bring about real improvement, N/A had to unite in protest
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What did the NCAI work through to challenge discrimination?
The courts
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What was the NCAI the beginning of and what was it the first sign of?
The Indian protest movement and the first sign that tribes would join together to pursue justice
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What continued to be an obstacle for N/A resistance to government policies?

Back

Lack of a sense of common purpose amongst Native Americans

Card 3

Front

What was ruled in Lone Wolf v Hitchcock?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Why was the decision of Lone Wolf v Hitchcock significant?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

The Society of American Indians (SAI) was the first attempt at...?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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