mpact of physical and human factors on the drainage basin

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  • Created by: Iskall
  • Created on: 25-09-18 12:02
What are the five physical factors affecting drainage basin systems?
Climate Soils Geology Relief Vegetation
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How does climate affect drainage basin systems?
Climate has a role in influencing the type and amount of precipitation overall and the amount of evaporation, i.e. the major inputs and outputs. Climate also has an impact on the vegetation type.
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How do soils affect drainage basin systems?
Soils determine the amount of infiltration and thoughflow and, indirectly, the type of vegetation.
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How does geology affect drainage basin systems?
Geology can impact on subsurface processes such as percolation and groundwater flow (and, therefore, on aquifers). Indirectly, geology affects soil formation.
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How does relief affect drainage basin systems?
Relief can impact on the amount of precipitation. Slopes can affect the amount of runoff.
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How does vegetation affect drainage basin systems?
The presence or absence of vegetation has a major impact on the amount of interception, infiltration and occurrence of overland flow, as well as on transpiration rates.
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What are the four human factors affecting drainage basin systems?
River management Deforestation Changing land use - agriculture Changing land use - urbanisation
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How does river management affect drainage basin systems?
Construction of storage reservoirs holds back river flows Abstraction of water for domestic and industrial use reduces river flows Abstraction of groundwater for irrigation lowers water tables
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How does deforestation affect drainage basin systems?
Clearance of trees reduces evapotranspiration, but increases infiltration and surface runoff.
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How does changing land use (agriculture) affect drainage basin systems?
Arable to pastoral: compaction of soil by livestock increases overland flow. Pastoral to arable: ploughing increases infiltration by loosening and aerating the soil.
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How does changing land use (urbanisation) affect drainage basin systems?
Urban surfaces (tarmac, tiles, concrete) speed surface runoff by reducing percolation and infiltration. Drains deliver rainfall more quickly to streams and rivers, increasing chances of flooding.
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Which components of the drainage basin system is most affected by humans?
Evaportation and evapotranspiration Interception Infiltration Groundwater Surface runoff
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How has deforestation disrupted the drainage basin cycle in the Amazonia?
A lowering of humidities Less precipitation More surface runoff and infiltration More evaporation, less transpiration More soil erosion and silt being fed into the rivers.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Climate has a role in influencing the type and amount of precipitation overall and the amount of evaporation, i.e. the major inputs and outputs. Climate also has an impact on the vegetation type.

Back

How does climate affect drainage basin systems?

Card 3

Front

Soils determine the amount of infiltration and thoughflow and, indirectly, the type of vegetation.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Geology can impact on subsurface processes such as percolation and groundwater flow (and, therefore, on aquifers). Indirectly, geology affects soil formation.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Relief can impact on the amount of precipitation. Slopes can affect the amount of runoff.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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