the muscular system
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- Created by: eeaton11
- Created on: 18-05-17 09:56
what is the sagittal plane?
lies vertically. divides the body into left and right parts
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what is the frontal plane?
lies vertically. divides the body into front and back parts
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whats is the transverse plane?
lies horizontally. divides the body into upper and lower parts.
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what is the definition of flexion?
decreases the joint angle to the body
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what is the definition of extension?
increases the joint angle to the body
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what is the definition of abduction?
moving the articulating bone away from the body
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what is the definition of adduction?
moving the articulating bone towards the body
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what plane of movement does dorsi-flexion and plantar flexion take place?
sagittal
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what plane of movement does flexion and extension take place?
sagittal
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what plane of movement does horizontal flexion and horizontal extension take place?
transverse
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what plane of movement does abduction and adduction take place?
frontal
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what is a concentric contraction?
the shortening of a muscle under tension
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what is an eccentric contraction?
the elongating of a muscle under tension
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what is an isometric contraction?
when the muscle under tension does not change in length
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what joint type is the ankle?
hinge
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what is the agonist during dorsi-flexion?
tibialis anterior
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what is the agonist during plantar flexion?
gastrocnemius and soleus
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what joint type is the knee?
hinge
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what is the agonist during flexion of the knee?
biceps femoris, semitendinosus and the semimembranosus
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what is the agonist during extension of the knee?
Rexctus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius and vastus medialis
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what joint type is the hip?
ball and socket
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what is the agonist during flexion of the hip?
iliopsoas
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what is the agonist during extension of the hip?
gluteus maximus
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what is the joint type of the shoulder?
ball and socket
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what is the agonist during flexion of the shoulder?
anterior deltoid
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what is the agonist during extension of the shoulder?
posterior deltoid
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what is the agonist during abduction of the shoulder?
middle deltoid
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what is the agonist during adduction of the shoulder?
latissimus dorsi
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what is the agonist during horizontal flexion of the shoulder?
pectoralis major
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what is the agonist during horizontal extension of the shoulder?
teres minor
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what joint type is the elbow?
hinge
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what is the agonist during flexion of the elbow?
biceps brachii
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what is the agonist during extension of the elbow?
triceps brachii
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what joint type is the wrist?
condyloid
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what is the agonist during flexion of the wrist?
wrist flexors
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what is the agonist during extension of the wrist?
wrist extensors
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what is the definition of a motor unit?
the motor neuron and its muscle fibres it stimulates
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what is the all-or-none law?
either all muscle fibres contract or they don't
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what are the 3 types of muscle fibre?
slow oxidative, fast oxidative glycolytic and fast gylcolytic
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what is myoglobin?
a protein in the muscle responsible for transporting oxygen to the mitochondria
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what are some structural characteristics of slow twitch fibres?
small size, high capillary density, high mitochondria density and low PC stores
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what are some functional characteristics of slow twitch fibres?
slow speed of contraction, low force of contraction, high resistance to fatigue and high aerobic capacity
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what are some structural characteristics of fast twitch fibres?
large size, low capillary density, low mitochondria density and high PC stores
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what are some functional characteristics of fast twitch fibres?
fast speed of contraction, high force of contraction, high anaerobic capacity and low resistance to fatigue
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what type of performer would be best suited to a high % of slow twitch fibres?
endurance athletes: marathon
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what type of performer would be best suited to a high % of fast glycolytic fibres?
explosive athletes: 100m sprint
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what type of performer would be best suited to a high % of fast oxidative glycolytic fibres?
games players: football, aerobic - lasting whole game, anaerobic - sprint
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what is the frontal plane?
Back
lies vertically. divides the body into front and back parts
Card 3
Front
whats is the transverse plane?
Back
Card 4
Front
what is the definition of flexion?
Back
Card 5
Front
what is the definition of extension?
Back
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