– these theories look at motivation as the outcome of a dynamic interaction between the person and their experiences of an organisation and its management.
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What does process theory ask?
what is the process by which motivation occurs?’- it Challenge the view that the ‘problem’ of motivation can be solved by a better understanding of it
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What are the 2 main approaches?
powr and the self and marxist
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What was Marxists approach?
Marxist analysis of the structures of capitalism, recognises conflict of interest between capital and labour and Highlights management’s instrumental interest
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His ideas 1.
– People are social animals rather than self-seeking individuals- we are not created to achive personal actualisation but we striking to achieve personal actualisation of the group rather than of the individual
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His ideas 2.
– Production for exchange rather than use is a feature of capitalism, not a universal activity some will be the workers and some will be the producers – who deserves the profit? The workers or the producers? But the workers have done the hard work
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his ideas 3.
– Under capitalism, production is motivated by the pursuit of profit, not human needs. – power – capitalists (producer) want to get a return on their capital
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his ideas 4.
– Self-seeking opportunism is historically specific to capitalism
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his ideas 5.
– Groups in organisations have different interests based on their class position
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What did he say we are being alienated from?
• Alienation from the product • Alienation from the process of production • Alienation from others • Alienation from the self
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What was Braverman (1974) theory
Interprets scientific management using the logic of capitalism, Separation of conception from execution- labour to captial
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what was Burawoy (1979) theory
Aims to account for little resistance by labour to its own exploitation - Concludes that workers inadvertently reinforce the system to their own disadvantage
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What is the power and self theory (1)
The ‘self’ often assumed to be something we are born with – i.e. fixed, stable and independent of the world
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(2)
An alternative account suggests it is the product of early experiences and development – i.e. the self as a continuous and endless process of becoming
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(3)
– It is socially constructed – we take over the attitudes of others toward us. • Desire to be what others wish us to be creates a never-ending motivating force.
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What was Foucault theory? (1)
– Disciplinary power - the power of being made visible and knowing it – Based on the prison design of Jeremy Bentham • Over time, prisoners internalise the power relationship and monitor their own conduct •
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(2)
• Performance appraisal a contemporary workplace application • They have the power to control them without really being there
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Barbara Townley theory
• Reframing human resource management
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Sewell and Wilkinson theory
“someone to watch over me”
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catherrine casey theory
• Happy families
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Limitations of critical approaches to motivation
• Draw attention to the inequalities of power relations at work and how these inform managements selective interest in theories of motivation
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(2)
• Why would those disadvantaged by a system be so willing to co-operate in their own exploitation?
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What does process theory ask?
Back
what is the process by which motivation occurs?’- it Challenge the view that the ‘problem’ of motivation can be solved by a better understanding of it
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