Learning to automatically make a particular response in presence of a particular stimulus; includes classical and instrumental conditioning
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Classical Conditioning
Learning procedure: when stimulus initially produces no response followed several times by an UNCONDITIONAL stimulus (US) that produces a defensive or appetitive response (UR), 1st stimulus (CS) itself evokes the response (CR).
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Hebb Rule
Hypothesis that cellular basis of learning involves strengthening of a synapse that is repeatedly active when postsynaptic neuron fires
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Instrumental Conditioning
Learning procedure: effects of particular behaviour in particular situation increase (reinforce) or decrease (punish) the probability of the behaviour; also called Operant conditioning.
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Reinforcing Stimulus
appetitive stimulus that follows particular behaviour and thus makes behaviour become more frequent
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Punishing Stimulus
An aversive stimulus that follows a particular behaviour and thus makes the behaviour become less frequent.
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Motor Learning
Learning to make a new response
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Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
Long term increase in excitability of a neuron to a particular synaptic input caused by repeated high-frequency activity of that input.
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Hippocampal formation
Forebrain structure of the temporal lobe, consisting of important part of limbic system; including hippocampus proper, dentate gyrus, and aubiculum.
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Population EPSP
Evoked potential that represents the EPSPs of a population of neurons
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NMDA receptor
Speciailised ionotropic glutamate receptor that controls calcium channel normally blocked by Mg2+ ions; involved in long term potentiation
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AP5
Drug that blocks NMDA receptors
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Dendritic spike
action potential that occurs in the dendrite of some types of pyramidal cells.
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AMPA receptor
Ionotropic glutamate receptor that controls a sodium channel; when open, it produces EPSPs
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Long-term Depression (LTD)
Long term decrease in the excitability of a neuron to particular synaptic input caused by stimulation of the terminal button while the postsynaptic membrane is hyperpolarized or only slightly depolarized.
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Short term memory
Memory of stimulus or an event that lasts a short while
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Delayed matching-to-sample task
A task that requires the subject to indicate which of several stimuli has just been perceived.
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Anterograde Amnesia
Amnesia for events that occur after disturbance to the brain, such as head injury or certain degenerative brain diseases.
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Retrograde Amnesia
Amnesia for events that preceded some disturbance to the brain such as head injury or electroconvulsive shock
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Korsakoffs Syndrome
Permanent anterograde amnesia caused by brain damage resulting from chronic alcoholism or malnutrition.
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Consolidation
Process by which short term memories are converted into long term memories
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Declarative Memory
Memory that can be verbally expressed, such as memory for events in a persons past
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Nondeclarative memory
Memory whose formation does not depend on hippocampal formation
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Episodic Memory
Memory of collection of perceptions of events organised in time and identified by particular context.
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Semantic memory
Memory of faces and general information
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Semantic dementia
Loss of semantic memories caused by progressive degeneration of the neocortex of the lateral temporal lobes
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Place cell
A neuron that becomes active when the animal is in a particular location in the environment; most typically found in the hippocampal formation
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Reconsolidation
Process of consilidation of memory that occurs subsequent to original consolidation that can be triggered by reminder of original stimulus, thought to provide the means for modifying existing memories.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Learning to automatically make a particular response in presence of a particular stimulus; includes classical and instrumental conditioning
Back
Stimulus-response learning
Card 3
Front
Learning procedure: when stimulus initially produces no response followed several times by an UNCONDITIONAL stimulus (US) that produces a defensive or appetitive response (UR), 1st stimulus (CS) itself evokes the response (CR).
Back
Card 4
Front
Hypothesis that cellular basis of learning involves strengthening of a synapse that is repeatedly active when postsynaptic neuron fires
Back
Card 5
Front
Learning procedure: effects of particular behaviour in particular situation increase (reinforce) or decrease (punish) the probability of the behaviour; also called Operant conditioning.
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