Learning & Memory 0.0 / 5 ? PsychologyBiological PsychologyUniversityAll boards Created by: marmitesarnyCreated on: 24-05-17 13:53 What is Memory? The retention of learning 1 of 35 What is perceptual learning? Our ability to recognise previously perceived stimuli. 2 of 35 Perceptual learning is underpinned by changes in what brain area? The Sensory Association Cortex 3 of 35 What is stimulus response learning? the ability to perform a particular behaviour/response when a stimulus is present (classical/operant conditioning) 4 of 35 What is Classical Conditioning? When an unconditioned response occurs as a result of the conditional stimulus in absence of the unconditioned stimuli. 5 of 35 What are the neurological changes associated with classical conditioning? strengthening between synapses involved (two sources converge in lateral nucleus in eye puff blink tone example) 6 of 35 What is operant conditioning? Positive or Negative stimuli increases or decreases the frequency of a response. 7 of 35 What are the neurological changes associated with operant conditioning? strengthening between synapses involved but particularly pronounced in the Basal Ganglia. 8 of 35 What does motor learning refer to? establishment with sensory and motor systems. 9 of 35 How does motor learning differ from other forms of learning? The more novel the behaviour, the more neural circuits in the motor systems of the brain must be modified. 10 of 35 What is relational learning? Learning the relationships among individual stimuli 11 of 35 What is Episodic learning? learning event sequences. 12 of 35 When our brain changes as a result of learning, what is this known as? Synaptic Plasticity 13 of 35 What process does 'molecular neuroplasticity' refer to? the concentration of different neurotransmitters can change in response to learning. 14 of 35 What process does 'structural neuroplasticity' refer to? The size of brain structures changing in response to learning. 15 of 35 Long term potentiation occurs as a result of what? an increase in synaptic connections. 16 of 35 Long term potentiation is dependent on what ion entering the cell? calcium 17 of 35 Blocking of which receptors in Rats hindered spatial maze learning? NDMA (calcium) receptors. 18 of 35 Why does long term depression occur? mis match of pre and post synaptic potentials/events 19 of 35 A low amount of glutamate... prevents a post synaptic event and long term potentiation does not occur. 20 of 35 For long term depression to occur, AMPA receptors are...? removed from the synapse. 21 of 35 What area is implicated in long term learning? Hippocampus (Henry Moalasin) 22 of 35 Maguire et al found that time as a taxi driver is....? positively correlated with posterior hippocampus size. 23 of 35 Maguire et al found that the anterior hippocampus of taxi drivers was...? smaller. 24 of 35 How can we induce neural plasticity? TMS and tDCS 25 of 35 If TMS or tDCS is used rapidly and frequently on the motor cortex what changes are seen at the target muscle? Increased electrical activity at the target muscle. 26 of 35 The retention period for those who received tDCS during training was..? better. 27 of 35 what are the downsides of finding relating to TMS and tDSC for neural plasticity? relatively short lived 28 of 35 Difficulty in learning new information after a brain damage is known as? Anterograde Amnesia 29 of 35 Difficulty in recalling events before a brain damage is known as? Retrograde Amnesia 30 of 35 What is Korsakoff's syndrome? Severe Anterograde Amnesia and Confabulation 31 of 35 What are declarative memories? Can be verbally expressed 32 of 35 What are non declarative memories? stimulus and percept driven; presentation of a stimuli triggers recall. non reliant on hippocampus. 33 of 35 What is semantic memory? factual information 34 of 35 How are declarative memories consolidated? by linking together memories in meaningful ways through efferent connections with basal ganglia and amygdala. 35 of 35
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