Language change key terms 4.0 / 5 based on 1 rating ? English LanguageA2/A-levelAQA Created by: BethanyCreated on: 11-01-13 14:56 Diachronic Change The study of historic language change over a span of time 1 of 30 Synchronic change An approach that studies language at a theoretical point in time without considering the historical context 2 of 30 Lexicon the vocabulary of a language 3 of 30 Political correctness Words or phrases used to replace those that are deemed offensive 4 of 30 Overt prestige The status gained from using the standard form of a language. E.G standard English 5 of 30 Covert prestige The status speakers gain who chose to use standard dialect within a particular group in society 6 of 30 Eponym The name of a person after whom something is named 7 of 30 Proprietary names Name given by a product becomes the commonly used name for the same product 8 of 30 clipping a new word produced by shortening an existing one 9 of 30 affixion The addition of a bound morphemes to an existing word 10 of 30 Conversions a word changes its word class without adding a suffic 11 of 30 Compound Combining separate words to create a new word, often using a hyphen 12 of 30 Back formation The removal of an imagined affix from an existing word, EG editor became edit 13 of 30 Obsolete no longer having any use 14 of 30 Semantic Drift A process of linguistic change over a period of time 15 of 30 Pejoration word takes on a more negative meaning 16 of 30 Amelioration a word takes on a more positive meaning 17 of 30 Narrowing a word becomes more specific in its meaning 18 of 30 broadening A word keeps it oringinal meaning but acquires others 19 of 30 Metaphor a word acquires a new meaning because it is used metaphorically 20 of 30 Euphemism Describing something unpleasant in a more pleasant way 21 of 30 Idiom cannot be understood literally. E.g pull your socks up 22 of 30 Archaism an old word or phrase no longer in general spoken or written use 23 of 30 Dummy auxiliary The verb 'do' which is used to form questions and negatives or to add emphasis in a statement 24 of 30 Influential power power used to influence or persuade others 25 of 30 instrumental power power used to maintain and enforce authority 26 of 30 omission the leaving out of a phoneme in a group of phonemes clustered together 27 of 30 assimilation The pronunciation of one phoneme is affected by an adjacent phoneme. E.G don't you becmes dohnchu 28 of 30 divergence a persons speech pattern becomes more individual rather than those of whom they are talking to. 29 of 30 eye dialect a way of spelling words that suggests a regional or social way of talking 30 of 30
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