Keywords Chapter 1

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a vesicle containing hydrolytic enzymes, in head of a sperm
Acrosome
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a series of metabolic reactions that releases energy from glucose or other substrates, using oxygen
Aerobic respiration
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the universal energy currency of cells
ATP
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the plasma membrane, made up of a phospholipid bilayer in which protein molecules float
Cell surface membrane
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a structure that is present outside the plasma membrane in plant cells, fungal cells and bacterial cells; in plants it is made of criss-crossing layers of cellulose.
Cell wall
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a polysaccharide made of many Beta-glucose molecules linked together
Cellulose
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a pair of organelles found in animal cells, which build the microtubules to form the spindle during cell division
Centrioles
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an organelle found only in plant cells, where photosynthesis takes place; it is surrounded by an envelope of two membranes and contains chlorophyll; photosynthesis takes place here.
Chloroplasts
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the DNA in the nucleus when the chromosomes have not condensed
Chromatin
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a structure made of DNA and histones, found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell; the term bacterial chromosome is now commonly used for the circular strand of DNA present in a prokaryotic cell
Chromosomes
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a short, microscopic, hair like vibrating structure. They occur in large numbers on the surface of certain cells, either causing currents in the surrounding fluid, or, in some protozoans and other small organisms, providing propulsion
Cilia
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a space enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum
Cisterna
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the lens on a microscope that focuses rays of light from the light source onto the specimen
Condenser lens
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each of the partial partitions in a mitochondrion formed by infolding of the inner membrane
Cristae
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a network of microtubules and microfibers that provides support in eukaryotic cells
Cytoskeleton
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the movement of bulk liquids or solids into a cell, by the indentation of the plasma membrane to form vesicles containing the substance; it is an active process requiring ATP
Endocytosis
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a network of membranes within a eukaryotic cell, where various metabolic reactions take place
Endoplasmic reticulum
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two membranes surrounding an organelle; nuclei, mitochondria and chloroplasts have them
Envelope
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a cell containing a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotic
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the part of a microscope through which you look; it contains a lens that focuses light onto your eye.
Eyepiece lens
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a slender threadlike structure, esp. a microscopic whip like appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, to swim
Flagella
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a stack of curved membranes inside a cell, in which protein molecules are packed and modified, for example by adding sugars to them to produce glycoproteins
Golgi apparatus
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membranes inside a chloroplast containing chlorophyll
Grana
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protein molecules that are associated with DNA in chromosomes
Histones
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a microscope that uses light rays
Light microscopes
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small vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes surrounded by a membrane
Lysosomes
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the number of times bigger an image is compared to the actual object
Magnification
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The background material of the mitochondrion; it is the site of the stages of aerobic respiration (called the Krebs cycle)
Matrix
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long, thin filaments of protein that help to make up the cytoskeleton in a eukaryotic cell
Microfilaments
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0.000001 metres
Micrometre
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long, thin tubes of protein that help make up the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells
Microtubules
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a pectin layer which cements the cell walls of two adjoining cells together. Plants need this to give them stability
Middle lamella
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organelles found in most eukaryotic cells, in which aerobic respiration takes place; they are surrounded by an envelope, of which the inner membrane is folded to form cristae
Mitochondria
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made of many cells
Multicellular
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0.000000001 metres
Nanometres
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: two membranes that surround the nucleus and separate it from the cytoplasm; it contains pores through which messenger RNA can pass
Nuclear envelope
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large protein complexes that cross the nuclear envelope
Nuclear pores
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a small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase
Nucleolus
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a large organelle found in eukaryotic cells; it is surrounded by an envelope and contains the genetic information
Nucleus
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the lens that collects light rays after they have passed through the specimen, and focuses them onto the eye piece
Objective lens
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a functionally and structurally distinct part of a cell. For example, a ribosome or mitochondrion
Organelle
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a soluble gelatinous polysaccharide that is found in a matrix that holds together the cell walls of plant cells
Pectin
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molecules made from chains of amino acids and sugars; they are found in bacterial cell walls
Peptidoglycan
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a photograph of a microscopic object, taken with the aid of a microscope
Photomicrograph
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the cell surface membrane, made up of the phospholipid bi-layer in which protein molecules can float
Plasma membrane
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a cell that does not contain a nucleus or any other membrane bound organelles; bacteria is an example
Prokaryotic
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the ability to distinguish between two separate points very close together; the amount of detail per unit area that can be seen
Resolution
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very small organelles seen in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, where protein synthesis takes place.
Ribosomes
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

a series of metabolic reactions that releases energy from glucose or other substrates, using oxygen

Back

Aerobic respiration

Card 3

Front

the universal energy currency of cells

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

the plasma membrane, made up of a phospholipid bilayer in which protein molecules float

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

a structure that is present outside the plasma membrane in plant cells, fungal cells and bacterial cells; in plants it is made of criss-crossing layers of cellulose.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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