Cell Structure Keywords

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  • Created by: Brooke
  • Created on: 16-10-12 11:28
Acrosome
a vesicle containg hydrolytic enzymes, in the head of a sperm
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Aerobic Respiration
a series of metabolic reactions that releases ATP energy from glucose using oxygen. Glucose + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide + Water (+ATP energy)
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ATP
adrenaline triphosphate, the universal energy currency of cells
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Cell Surface Membrane/ Plasma Membrane
made up of a phospholipid bilayer in which protein molecules float
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Cell Wall
a structure that is present outside the plasma membrane in plant cells, fungal cells and bacterial cells; in plants it is made up of criss-crossing layers of cellulose fibres
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Centrioles
a pair of organelles found in animal cells which build the microtubules to form the spindle during cell division
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Chloroplast
an organelle found only in plant cells, where photosynthesis takes place; surrounded by a double membrane and contains chlorophyll
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Chromatin
the DNA in a nucleus when the chromosomes have not condensed
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Chromosome
a structure made of DNA and histones, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
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Cisterna
a space enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum
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Condenser Lens
the lens on a microscope that focuses rays of light from the light source onto the specimen
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Cristae
the folded inner membrane of mitochondria that increases surface area
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Cytoskeleton
a network of microtubules and microfibres that provides support in eukaryotic cells
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Endocytosis
the movement of bulk liquids or solids into a cell by the indentation of the plasma membrane to form vesicles containing the substance; it is an active process requiring ATP
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
a network of membranes within a eukaryotic cell where various metabolic reactions take place
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Envelope
two membranes surrounding an organelle; nuclei, mitochondria and chloroplasts have envelopes
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Eukaryotic
a cell containing a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
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Eyepiece Lens
the part of a microscope through which you look; the lens focuses light onto the eye
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Golgi Apparatus
a stack of curved membranes inside a cell in which proteins are modified and packaged e.g. adding sugars to produce glycoproteins
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Grana (Granum)
membranes inside a chloroplast, containing chlorophyll
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Histones
protein molecules associated with DNA in chromosomes
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Light Microscope
a relatively cheap microscope which uses light rays to view cells
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Lysosomes
small vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes which break down dead or disfunctional cell matter, surrounded by a membrane
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Magnification
the number of times greater an image is than the actual size. Magnification = Image size / Object size
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Microfilaments/ Microtubules
long, thin filaments/ tubes of protein that help to make up the cytoskeleton in a eukaryotic cell
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Micrometre (μm)
one thousandth of a millimetre; 1x10-6m
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Mitochondria
organelles found in most eukaryotic cells in which aerobic respiration takes place; they are surrounded by an envelope, of which the inner membrane is folded to form cristae
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Multicellular
made of many cells
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Nanometre (nm)
one millionth of a millimetre; 1x10-9m
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Nuclear Envelope
two membranes that surround the nucleus and separate it from the cytoplasm; it contains pores through which messenger (m)RNA can pass
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Nucleus
a large organelle found in eukaryotes; it is surrounded by an envelope and contains chromosomes
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Objective Lens
the lens that collects licht rays after they have passed through the specimen and focuses them onto the eyepiece lens
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Organelle
a functionally and structurally distinct part of a cell
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Peptidoglycans
molecules made of chains of amino acids and sugars found in bacterial cell walls
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Prokaryotic
a cell that does not contain a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles
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Resolution
the ability to distinguish between two points which are close together; the higher the resolution, the greater the detail
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Ribosomes
very small organelles found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes where protein synthesis takes place
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
ER that has ribosomes on its surface, where proteins are synthesized
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Scanning Electron Microscope
a microscope which forms 3D images of surfaces using electron beams
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Secretion
the production and release of a useful substance e.g. salivary glands secrete saliva
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
ER that does not have ribosomes associated with it; it carries out various metabolic reactions such as the synthesis of steroids
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Spindle
A structure made up of microtubules that is formed during cell division and manoeuvres the chromosomes into position
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Stain
a substance that is taken up by various parts of the cells so they can be distinguished by their colours or tones
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Starch
a polysaccharide used as an energy store in plants
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Stroma
the 'background' material in a chloroplast, where the light independent reactions of photosynthesis take place
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Thylakoids
Stacks of grana in a chloroplast where the light dependant reactions of photosynthesis take place
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Tonoplast
the membrane that surrounds a vacuole in a plant cell
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Transmission Electron Microscope
a microscope that forms 2D images of thin specimens using electron beams
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Tubulin
a globular protein that makes up microtubules
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Ultrastructure
detailed structure including very small things revealed by electron microscopes
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Unicellular
made of only one cell
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Vesicles
tiny 'spaces' inside a cell surrounded by a single membrane and containing substances such as enzymes used for transport and secretion
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Card 2

Front

a series of metabolic reactions that releases ATP energy from glucose using oxygen. Glucose + Oxygen --> Carbon Dioxide + Water (+ATP energy)

Back

Aerobic Respiration

Card 3

Front

adrenaline triphosphate, the universal energy currency of cells

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

made up of a phospholipid bilayer in which protein molecules float

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

a structure that is present outside the plasma membrane in plant cells, fungal cells and bacterial cells; in plants it is made up of criss-crossing layers of cellulose fibres

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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Comments

Renny

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ATP is Adenosine Triphosphate? or adrenaline triphosphate?

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