Key concepts in biology
0.0 / 5
- Created by: Abigail Harris
- Created on: 10-03-18 17:04
Magnicication
The number of times larger an image is than the initial object that produced it.
1 of 44
Objective lens
The part of the microscope that is closest to the specimen
2 of 44
Resolution
The smallest change that can be measured by an instrument.
3 of 44
Stains
A dye used to colour parts of a cell to make them easier to see.
4 of 44
Active transport
The pumping of particles across a cell membrane (usually from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration against the concentration gradient). This process requires energy.
5 of 44
Eyepiece lens
The part of the microscope you look down
6 of 44
Eukaryotic
A cell with a nucleus is a eukaryotic. Organisms that have cells like this are also said to be eukaryotic organisms
7 of 44
Cell membrane
The membrane that controls what goes into and out of a cell
8 of 44
Chromosomes
A thread like structure found in the nuclei of cells. Each chromosome contains one enormously long DNA found in bacteria
9 of 44
Cytoplasm
The watery jelly inside a cell where the cell's activities take place.
10 of 44
Nucleus
The "control centre" of a eukaryotic cell.
11 of 44
Mitochondrion
A sub-cellular structure (organelle) in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells where aerobic respiration occurs.
12 of 44
Aerobic respiration
A type of respiration in which oxygen is used to release oxygen from substances such as glucose.
13 of 44
Chlorophyll
The green substance found inside chloroplasts that traps energy transferred by light.
14 of 44
Cell wall
A tough layer of material around some cells that is used for protection and support. It is stiff and made of cellulose in plant cells. Bacteria have a flexible cell wall.
15 of 44
Chloroplasts
A green disc containing chlorophyll found in plant cells.This is where the plant makes glucose through photosynthesis.
16 of 44
Cell sap
The liquid found in the permanent vacuole in a plant cell.
17 of 44
Vacuole
The membrane bound space in the cytoplasm of cells. Plant cells have a large permanent vacuole, which stores water and nutrients and helps to support the plant by keeping the cells rigid.
18 of 44
Specialised cells
A cell that is adapted for a specific function (job).
19 of 44
Microvillus
A tiny fold in the cell surface membrane of a cell.
20 of 44
Gametes
A haploid cell produced by meiosis used for sexual reproduction.
21 of 44
Embryo
The ball of cells produced by cell division of the zygote. A very early stage of the development of an individual.
22 of 44
Enzymes
A protein produced by living organisms that act as a catalyst to speed up the rate of reaction.
23 of 44
Diploid
A cell or nucleus that has two sets of chromosomes. In humans, almost all cells except the the sperm and egg cells are diploid.
24 of 44
Haploid
A cell or nucleus that has one set of chromosomes. Gametes are haploid.
25 of 44
Acrosome
A cap like structure on the head of a sperm cell that contains enzymes to penetrate an egg cell.
26 of 44
Cilia
A small hair like structure on the surface of some cells.
27 of 44
Epithelial cells
A cell found on the surface of internal organs.
28 of 44
Ciliated epithelial cells
A cell that lines certain tubes in the body and has cilia on its surface.
29 of 44
Plasmids
A small loop of DNA found in the cytoplasm of bacteria.
30 of 44
Catalysts
A substance that speeds up the rate of reaction without itself being used up.
31 of 44
Iodine solution
Solution used to test the presence of starch.
32 of 44
Benedict's solution
A solution used to detect the presence of reducing sugar (such as glucose) in foods.
33 of 44
Biuret test
A test that uses copper sulfate solution and potassium hydroxide solution to test for proteins.The blue of the copper sulfate solution turns purple in the presence of proteins.
34 of 44
Ethanol emulsion test
A test using ethanol to detect lipids in food.
35 of 44
Calorimeter
Apparatus used to measure the energy content of substances by burning them and measuring temperature increase.
36 of 44
Active site
The space in an enzyme where the substrate fits during an enzyme catalysed reaction.
37 of 44
Specific
A particular requirement.
38 of 44
Lock and key model
A model that describes the way an enzyme catalyses a reaction when the substrate fits within the active sit of an enzyme.
39 of 44
Optimum temperature
The temperature at which an enzyme's rate of reaction is greatest, or at which a population of microorganisms grow more rapidly.
40 of 44
Diffusion
The random movement and spreading of particles. There is an overall diffusion of particles from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration.
41 of 44
Concentration
The amount of solute dissolved in a certain volume of solvent.
42 of 44
Concentration gradient
The difference between two concentrations. There will be an overall movement of particles down a concentration gradient from higher to lower.
43 of 44
Partially permeable
Describes a membrane that will allow certain particles to pass through it but not others.
44 of 44
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The part of the microscope that is closest to the specimen
Back
Objective lens
Card 3
Front
The smallest change that can be measured by an instrument.
Back
Card 4
Front
A dye used to colour parts of a cell to make them easier to see.
Back
Card 5
Front
The pumping of particles across a cell membrane (usually from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration against the concentration gradient). This process requires energy.
Back
Related discussions on The Student Room
Similar Biology resources:
1.5 / 5 based on 2 ratings
0.0 / 5
1.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
0.0 / 5
4.5 / 5 based on 3 ratings
0.0 / 5
3.0 / 5 based on 4 ratings
4.0 / 5 based on 2 ratings
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
Comments
No comments have yet been made